Tag: diseases and hygiene

 An adaptation is a change in organisms (plants and animals) that help to survive in their particular habitat and reproduce in the changing environment. It is necessary for organisms to survive if its surrounding change. Thus, the correct option is D.

Hay fever is a form of allergy due to the pollen of grasses, trees, and other plants, characterized by inflammation of the membrane lining the nose and sometimes of the conjunctiva.

An acute disease is a disease which mainly occurs for very short duration and it is not severe. It can be easily cured by regular treatment and it is not life threatening. Example- cough and cold.

The diseases which are present from the birth of an organism is known as congenital disorders. These diseases have genetic causes and are transmitted from parents to offsprings. Hence, these disorders are inherited from the parents within the womb or after the birth of the organism. Thus the correct answer is option D.

The lungs may be infected due to the bacterial agent causing Pneumonia. This is the infection in which there is a production of large amount of mucus and so the person suffers from coughing and breathlessness, due to blockage of the air ways.

Ailments which can last for a long time, as much as a lifetime are called as chronic diseases. These are mainly caused due to severe metabolic disorder. The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.

• The parasite which causes malaria, Plasmodium requires two different hosts a vertebrate intermediate host, such as a human, and an insect definitive host, also known as the vector i.e female Anopheles mosquito. 
• When the mosquito bites humans it ingests blood cells containing gametocytes. The mosquito digests the blood cells, releasing the male and female gametes, which fuse together and burrow into the mosquito’s gut wall, where they mature inside oocysts.
• After 8-15 days (depending on the species) the oocysts burst and sporozoites are released into the body cavity of the mosquito. From there, they travel to the salivary glands. when the mosquito bites these infective sporozoite enters the blood of the humans.
• Hence sporozoites are the infective stages of the malaria parasite is found in salivary glands of the mosquito.
• So, the correct answer is 'Salivary glands of mosquito'.

The plasmodium parasite is spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are known as "night-biting" mosquitoes because they most commonly bite between dusk and dawn. If a mosquito bites a person already infected with malaria, it can also become infected and spread the parasite on to other people.

Diphyllobothrium is a genus of tapeworms which can cause diphyllobothriasis in humans through consumption of raw or undercooked fish. The principal species causing diphyllobothriasis is Diphyllobothrium latum, known as the broad or fish tapeworm, or broad fish tapeworm.

Taenia solium, is the pork tapeworm, a tapeworm belonging to the cyclophyllid cestode family .