Tag: phanerogams

Ulothrix is a genus of filamentous green algae, generally found in fresh and marine water. They are eukaryotic and unicellular. The plant body consists of unbranched, uniseriate filaments. The Ulothrix is a thallophyte having undifferentiated bodies. Funaria are nonvascular plants, i.e., they do not have conductive tissues and they perform transport of water and nutrients by diffusion; they are cryptogamic, they are small in size; in their life cycle the lasting form is haploid (the gametophyte) and the sporophyte depends on the gametophyte to survive. Hence it is a bryophyte. The living species of heterosporous pteridophytes are small herbaceous perennials like Marsilea. These pteridophytes possess only one kind of non-sexual reproductive spores and possess the true fibro-vascular system, true roots, and leaves. The genus Pinus can be distinguished by long needles on very short shoots in bundles of 2,3, or 5, strobili on long shoots, and the shoots and foliage are strongly dimorphic. Male and female flowers are separate structures: the female flowers are the structures that will eventually become the familiar cones containing the seeds, and male flowers release pollen, which is then captured by the female cones. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leave, often modified to form cones. Thus pinus is a gymnosperm. Ficus is an angiosperm because they are seed-producing plants and have flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds.

Mosses are small flowerless plants that usually grow in dense green clumps or mats, in damp or shady locations. They are bryophytes in the nature.

• Angiosperms are flowering plants. They reproduce by the formation of gametes and flowers act as reproductive organs. 
• Parts of the flower include petals, sepals, one or more carpels (the female reproductive structure) and stamens (the male reproductive structure)
• So, the correct answer is 'Flowers'
  

• The flowering plants (angiosperms) are divided into two groups, namely monocots and dicots. 
• Monocots- Plants which have only one cotyledon in the seeds are called as monocots. For example, maize, banana, garlic, etc.
• Dicots- Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds are called as dicots. For example, mustard, beans, legumes, apples, etc.

• Cotyledons are actually part of the seed. 
• They are the first part of the plant to emerge and they look like little green leaves (hence, "seed leaves"). 
• The cotyledons store food reserves for the growing seedling. The plant relies on this stored food for early growth. 
• The cotyledons also can photosynthesize, which supplies extra energy until the first true leaves emerge.

• The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seed. 
• The plants with seeds having single cotyledons are known as monocots. The plants with seeds having two cotyledons are known as dicots.

Gymnosperms are those seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of the megasporophylls because the latter are not folded to form pistils and thus lack ovary. Flowers are absent and thus fruits are not formed.

Gymnosperms, example. Cycas, Pinus, Cedrus etc, bear reproductive structures in the form of cones. The cones that bear female reproductive structures are called female cones. Each female cone contains spirally arranged megasporophylls, that have ovules directly attached to them,  that is,ovules not enclosed in the ovary or are naked. After fertilization the ovule forms the seed and the ovary forms the fruit. Since, in gymnosperms ovary is  absent fruits are not formed.

Living gymnosperms are predominantly middle sized trees (Cycas) to tall trees (Pinus) and shrubs (Ephedra). Rarely they are woody climbers (Gnetum montanum). There are no herbs in gymnosperms.