Tag: prevention and treatment of disease

Questions Related to prevention and treatment of disease

Penicillin was discovered by 

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. S. Waksman

  2. Robert Koch

  3. Louis Pasteur

  4. Alexander Fleming

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct option is 'Alexander Fleming'.

Resistance to antibiotics may occur by

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Impermeability to the antibiotic

  2. Production of increased levels of the sensitive enzyme

  3. Production of a recombinant enzyme that is insensitive to the antibiotic

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

When the microbe alters in such way that reduces the effectiveness of drug or chemicals to prevent infection and microbes multiply continuously is called as antibiotic resistance. This situation can have occurred due to a continuous supplement of particular antibiotic, production of recombinant enzymes and ineffectiveness of antibiotic. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following was used by Alexander Flemming to prepare an antibiotic to kill bacteria?

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Rhizopus

  2. Yeast

  3. Mushroom

  4. Penicillium notatum

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Penicillin is an antibiotic or the drug produced by the fungal species Penicillium notatum. The antibiotic is very useful in the treatment of the infections caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. This antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Flemming. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Cresol, phenol, lysol are common

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Disinfectants

  2. Antiseptics

  3. Antibiotics

  4. Antibodies

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Disinfectants are the chemical or antimicrobial substance that are applied to non-living objects such as floor to kill microbes e.g., phenol, lysol, cresol etc.

Antiseptics can

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Protect the body from entry of germs

  2. Kill germs

  3. Has no effect on germs

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Antiseptics are mild chemical substances which when applied on the body, kill germs. These substances are in such mild concentration that they cause no harm to the skin and body e.g., lysol, carbolic acid (phenol).

Disinfectants are

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Biological substances

  2. Enzymes

  3. Chemical substances

  4. Hormones

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Disinfectants are the chemical or antimicrobial substance that are applied to non-living objects such as floor to kill microbes e.g., phenol.

Sulphonamides were used to treat microbial infection because they inhibit microbial growth by

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Inhibiting wall formation

  2. Competing with PABA required for synthesis of folic acid

  3. Breaking naked DNA of microbes

  4. Inhibiting union of ribosome subunits and preventing protein synthesis

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A folic acid or folate used to synthesize nucleic acid. Sulpha drugs inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase by attaching on the active site. DHPP and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) reacts in the presence enzyme dihydropteroate synthase for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. The sulphonamides compete with the PABA required for the synthesis of folic acid.
So, the correct answer is option B.
A chemical used for preventing pathogenic growth in wounds
biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Antiseptic

  2. Photolysis

  3. Growth rate of population

  4. Pollutant

  5. Trophic hormone

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A)Antiseptic is capable of preventing microbial infection

(B)Photolysis is a chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon
(C)The growth rate of population is the measure of the number of individuals
(D)The pollutant is the unit that causes pollution
(E)A trophic hormone is a hormone that stimulates endocrine gland
So, the correct answer is 'Antiseptic'

Agents used to kill microbes on living surfaces are called

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Disinfectant

  2. Tranquilizers

  3. Antiseptic

  4. Both A and C

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents, that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms.
Tranquilizers are drugs used to reduce anxiety, fear, tension, agitation and mental disturbances.
Antiseptics are the mild antimicrobial chemical substances, that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Antiseptics are

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Mild chemical substances

  2. Strong chemical substances

  3. Weak catalysts

  4. Strong enzymes

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Antiseptics are the mild chemical, antimicrobial substance. It is make mild so that it cannot harm the tissues. It is applied to tissues or skin to reduce the infection e.g., hydrogen peroxide.