Tag: energy and health

Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. W. bancrofti carries out its lifecycle in two hosts. Humans serve as the definitive host and mosquitos as the intermediate host or vector. The microfilariae are transferred into a vector i.e., female Culex mosquito. Hence, female Culex act as a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti.

• Meningitis is the Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.
• If the meningitis is caused by bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, it is called as Meningococcal meningitis.
• Symptoms include pain in sudden high fever, severe persistent headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, joint pains, drowsiness, confusion, etc.
• People spread meningococcal bacteria to other people by sharing respiratory and throat secretions (saliva or spit) when they cough or sneezes.
  
• Hence Meningococcal meningitis infection is transmitted chiefly from person to person.
• So, the correct answer is 'Meningococcal meningitis.

When children play barefoot in pools of dirty water and flood water, they may suffer from Leptospirosis and bilharzia. 

Disease causing microbes can spread through the air. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sheezes or coughs. Another person standing close by can breathe in these droplets and the microbes infect him also. Diseases which spread like this are common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis.

So, the correct answer is 'Option 'First line defence - Fever' and 'Third line defence - AMI'.'

Amniocentesis is used to detect hereditary and enzymatic abnormalities in the foetus. Down's syndrome cystic fibrosis and colourblindness are genetic disorders while jaundice is an infectious disease.

Sikkim, Haryana, and Kerala, nevertheless, excelled in sanitation programmes, with Sikkim topping with 100 percent sanitation coverage. Gujarat failed badly; the restricted role of beneficiaries, poor technological options that did not cater to their needs, and lack of awareness contributed to this state of affairs. The delivery mechanism was also faulty.

When people do not get to eat a balanced diet and hence miss out on the recommended daily quota of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, iron, calcium etc. the condition is called malnutrition. Diet taken by people does not contain sufficient nutrients in such case.

There are several ways disease-causing agents get from one person to another:

• Airborne or droplet infection (e.g. colds, flu).
• Animal borne or insect borne infection (e.g. rabies, malaria, Lyme Disease).
• Blood borne infection (e.g. HIV, hepatitis).
• Food borne or water borne infection (e.g. salmonella, giardia).
• Sexually transmitted (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis).
• Other direct contact (e.g. some kinds of warts, scabies).
• Indirect contact (e.g. colds and flu carried from person to person on dirty tissues, money, door knobs, phones, computer keyboards).