Tag: thyroid and parathyroid gland

Questions Related to thyroid and parathyroid gland

The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretory activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine glands can function independent of the pituitary gland?

biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Adrenals

  2. Gonads

  3. Thyroid

  4. Parathyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. The major function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium and phosphate levels within a very narrow range, so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly. The parathyroid glands do this by secreting parathyroid hormone.

So the correct option is 'parathyroid'.

Name the two hormones that regulates blood calcium levels in the body

biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Insulin and glucagon

  2. Thyroxine and estrogen

  3. Thyrocalcitonin and parathyroid hormone

  4. Prolactin and oxytocin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is secreted when calcium level in blood is high. It then lowers the levels by suppressing  release of calcium ions from bones. Whereas parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium level by increasing calcium absorption from intestine and mobilising calcium from bones to blood.

Which of the following activities is disturbed, if parathyroid gland degenerates?

biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Growth

  2. Sodium concentration

  3. Potassium concentration

  4. Calcium concentration

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Parathyroid gland secretes hormone called parathormone (PTH). This hormone regulates calcium and phosphate balance between blood and other tissue. so, if parathyroid gland degenerates calcium concentration will be adversely affected.

so, the correct answer is option D.

Hyper secreation of Parathyroid hormone result in ___________________.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Stronger bones due to increased incorporation of calciuim in them.

  2. Deposition of calcium in various skeletal structure.

  3. No effect on the constitution of bones

  4. Weaker bones due to increased removal of calcium from them

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 A parathyroid gland tumor can prompt hypersecretion of PTH. This can raise blood calcium levels so excessively that calcium deposits begin to accumulate throughout the body, including in the kidney tubules. When calcium levels in your blood fall too low, your parathyroid glands secrete enough PTH to restore the balance but sometimes these glands produce an excess amount of hormone, leading to abnormally high levels of calcium (hypercalcemia) and low levels of phosphorus in your blood.

So, the correct answer is 'Deposition of calcium in various skeletal structures.'

Philips Collip discovered which of the following hormones?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Parathyroid hormone

  2. Thyroxine

  3. ADH

  4. Oxytocin

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bovine parathormone is a large polypeptide having 84 amino-acids. It was discovered and purified by Philips Collip in 1925. 

All are the function of PTH except ______________________.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization

  2. PTH retards osteoclastic action

  3. PTH increases $Ca^{+2}$ abosorption from the digestive tube

  4. PTH stimulates reabsorption of $Ca^{+2}$ by the renal tubules

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The hormone released by the parathyroid glands is called the parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is also called parathyrin. This hormone is involved in the formation or mineralization of bones. It is released when the levels of calcium ions in the blood serum decreases.
Hence, the correct answer is 'PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization'.

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation is due to the deficiency of which hormone?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Noradrenaline

  4. Parathormone

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • In humans, four parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland, one pair each in the two lobes of the thyroid gland.
  • The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone.
  • Parathormone increases the $Ca^{2+}$ levels in the blood.
  • Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation is due to the deficiency of parathormone because its deficiency causes a decrease in blood calcium levels and calcium ion is essential for blood coagulation.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.

Which of the following reasons states that parathyroid is hormone is a hypercalcemic hormone?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal
    tubules

  2. PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food

  3. PTH control the metabolism of carbohydrates,
    proteins and fats

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In humans, four parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland, one pair each in the two lobes of the thyroid gland. They secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).
PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food. it also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal tubules.PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/demineralization). 
 Hence PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca2+ levels. Along with TCT(Thyrocalcitonin), it plays a significant role in calcium balance in the body

So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Parathyroid hormone is: 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Protein

  2. Carboh

  3. Lipid

  4. Steroid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a protein in nature composed of 84 amino acids. 
  • parathyroid glands make more or less parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to the level of calcium in the blood. 
  • When the calcium in our blood goes too low, the parathyroid glands make more PTH. so, option A is correct answer .

    • Which of the following is not associated with parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

    zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    1. It promotes release of $Ca^{2+}$ from bone matrix into the blood

    2. It stimulates kidney to release calcitriol

    3. More PTH is released when blood calcium level rises

    4. Hypoparathyroidism result in parathyroid terany

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B
    Explanation:
    • Parathyroid hormone- It is also known as parathormone or parathyrin.
    • It is a secreted by the parathyroid glands.
    • Its main function includes bone remodelling by releasing more PTH when the calcium in our blood goes too low, which increases the blood calcium level that is released from bones.
    • This hormone stimulates calcitriol production in the kidney as it synthesises 1-α hydroxylase and also maintains calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract 
    • Hypoparathyroidism- leads to low levels of calcium in the blood which causes cramps and twitches in muscles or tetany.
    • So, the correct answer is 'More PTH is released when blood calcium level rises'.