Tag: thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Questions Related to thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Low Ca$^{2+}$ in body fluid may be the reason for 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Anaemia

  2. Angina pectoris

  3. Gout

  4. Tetany

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Low calcium levels in body cause hypocalcaemia. This may cause tetany, a disorder that occurs due to deficiency of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. When parathormone levels are low, calcium level also gets decreased and this cause muscular spasms, a symptom of tetany. The muscles contract involuntarily and this causes painful cramps.
So, the correct answer is 'Tetany'.

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Relaxin Gigantism

  2. Prolactin Cretinsim

  3. Parathyroid hormone Tetany

  4. Insulin Diabetes insipidus

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour.
  •  Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.
  • Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.
  • Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.

So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation occur due to deficiency of 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Noradrenaline

  3. Parathormone

  4. Thyroxine

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. A deficiency of parathormone causes deficiency of calcium in blood. Calcium plays an important role in blood coagulation as aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin fibres at the wound site require calcium.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.

The condition of having excess levels of potassium in blood is called _______.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Hypercholesterolemia

  2. Hyperkalemia

  3. Osteomalacia

  4. Hypernatremia

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A. Hypercholesterolemia is a condition of high cholesterol in blood.
B. Hyperkalemia is a condition of high potassium levels in blood.
C. Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones get softened due to deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
D. Hypernatremia is a condition of high sodium concentration in blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperkalemia'.

Hypercalcemic hormone is 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Tri-iodo-thyronine

  3. Parathormone

  4. Thyrocalcitonin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Parathormone is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels. The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food.

Parathormone induces 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Increase in blood sugar

  2. Increase in serum calcium

  3. Decrease in serum calcium

  4. Decrease in blood sugar level.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, parathormone induces increase in serum calcium.

Which of the following is wrong? 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Sella turcica is a bony cavity where pituitary gland is located.

  2. Parathyroid hormone decreases the Ca$^{2+}$ levels in blood.

  3. Thymosins play a major role in T-cell differentiation.

  4. Insulin stimulates glycogenesis.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A. The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called Sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
B. The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood.
C. Thymosins are secreted by thymus gland. These play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity.
D. Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis).
So, the correct answer is 'parathyroid hormone decreases the calcium levels in blood'.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates:

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. calcium balance between blood and tissues

  2. glucose balance between blood and tissues

  3. regulates sleep

  4. regulates temperature

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The parathyroid gland secretes a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increase calcium absorption from the digested food.

So the correct answer is calcium balance between blood and tissue.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Hypothyroidism in children results in:

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. dwarfism

  2. acromegaly

  3. high blood pressure

  4. high body temperature

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
GH or STH (Growth or Somatotropin Hormone) stimulates body growth, protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. Hyposecretion of this hormone causes dwarfism. Hypersecretion of this hormone during the period of skeletal growth causes gigantism characterized by excessive growth of bones, with the enlargement of internal organs as well. Hypersecretion in adulthood causes acromegaly. Here the bones become abnormally thick due to ossification of periosteum and thickening of soft tissues as well. 
So the correct answer is dwarfism.

Who discovered the parathyroid glands while dissecting a rhinoceros?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

  1. Sir Richard Owen

  2. Galen

  3. Andreas Vesalius

  4. Anders Olaf Retzius

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The parathyroid gland was first discovered in 1852 during the autopsy of an Indian rhinoceros by Sir Richard Owen.

So, the correct option is 'Sir Richard Owen'.