Tag: glands in humans

Questions Related to glands in humans

Match the following.

List-I List-II
a) Pericardial glands $1)$ Molluscs
b) Antennary glands $2)$ Rotifers
c) Protonephridia (solenocytes) $3)$ Arthropods
d) Protonephridia (flame bulbs) $4)$ Lancelets
biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II

  2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

  3. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-V

  4. A-II, B-I, C-V, D-III

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The pericardium is the protective layer of the heart. It consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. The serous layer again is made up of two membranes enclosing the pericardial cavity. Molluscs have a true body cavity or coelom. They posses pericardial glands. Antennary glands are also called as green glands. They lie enclosed within the coxal segment of each antenna. Each gland has three parts, namely Sac, labyrinth and bladder. These are seen in crustaceans like arthropods. Protonephridia are of two types, solenocytes and flame bulbs. These are present in animals that lack a true coelom. The protonephridia terminates in the enlarged bulb-like structure and have cilia inside. If there is only one cilium, it is called as solenocyte. If there are more cilia, it is called as flame bulbs.  Lancelets have solenocytes as excretory structure. Rotifers have flame bulbs.

Thus, the correct answer is 'A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II.'

Study the following about endocrine disorder 

Hormones  Hyposecretion  Hypersecretion 
(I) Insulin  Diabetes mellitus  Unconsciousness and shock 
(II) Thyroxine  Simple Goitre  Myxoedema 
(III) Parathormone Tetany  Osteoporosis
(IV) Cortisol  Cushing's syndrome  Addison's diseases
biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Only I,III and IV

  2. Only I,II and II

  3. Only I and III

  4. All are true

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. Diabetes is a condition caused by little or no secretion of insulin hormone. If too much insulin is present in the body,a person can go into shock, a condition called insulin shock. Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and is the most important regulator of blood calcium levels. Tetany is a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium. Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. It is a type of hyperthyroidism, meaning hypersecretion of parathormone(parathyroid) hormone.

So the correct option is 'Only I and III'

Match the following$:$

| | COLUMN I | | COLUMN II | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | $i$ | Ovaries | A | Growth hormone | | $ii$ | Testes | B  | Thyroxine | | $iii$ | Pancreas | C | Adrenalin | | $iv$ | Adrenal gland    | D | Insulin | | $v$ | Thyroid | E | Testosterone | | $vi$ | Pituitary | F | Estrogen, Progesterone |
Find the appropriate match for column I from column II, i.e., match which gland secretes which hormones.

Pancreas located near stomach produces 

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The endocrine system is composed of several endocrine glands. A ductless gland or endocrine gland secretes its product, i.e., hormones directly into the bloodstream and shows its effects at distinct part of the body. Pancreas located near stomach produces insulin.

Integrative system in the body are

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Endocrine system

  2. Nervous system

  3. Blood vascular system

  4. Both endocrine and nervous system

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Both endocrine and nervous system are the integrative system in the body. 
The nervous system has three overlapping functions. These functions are based on the sensory input, integration and motor output. The nervous system is a highly integrated system, the control center of which is the brain.
Endocrine system has organs such as Thyroid, Pituitary glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions. Hence, option D is correct. 

Diosgenin is

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Saccharide

  2. Steroid

  3. Amino acids

  4. Peptide

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Diosgenin, a plant steroid sapogenin. Diosgenin is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins which are extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam. Diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products. 

So, the correct answer is 'Steroid'.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given:

List-I List-II
A. Islets of Langerhans 1. Calcitonin
B. Pituitary gland 2. Epinephrine
C. Thyroid gland 3. Growth hormone
D. Adrenal gland 4. Insulin
biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

  2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

  3. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
 A. Islets of Langerhans Islets of Langerhans are irregularly shaped patches of endocrine tissue located within the pancreas of most vertebrates. The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three (alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones; the fourth component (C cells) has no known function. The most common islet cell, the beta cell, produces insulin, the major hormone in the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Insulin is crucial in several metabolic processes: it promotes the uptake and metabolism of glucose by the body’s cells; it prevents release of glucose by the liver; it causes muscle cells to take up amino acids, the basic components of protein; and it inhibits the breakdown and release of fats. So the correct option is 'insulin'.
 B. Pituitary gland   The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help in controlling growth, blood pressure, energy management, all functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief.So the correct option is 'growth hormone'.
 C. Thyroid gland  Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced in humans by the parafollicular cells (commonly known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone. This means that it acts to reduce calcium levels in the blood. However, the importance of this role in humans is unclear, as patients who have very low or very high levels of calcitonin show no adverse effects. So the correct option is 'calcitonin'.
 D. Adrenal gland  Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a medication and hormone. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some one celled organisms. So the correct option is 'epinephrine'.

Which among the following is incorrect about the endocrine system?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. It relies on chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

  2. It is a control system that has extremely rapid effects on the body.

  3. The hormones affect only certain "target" organs.

  4. It is involved in maintaining body homeostasis.

  5. Its organs secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, rather than through ducts

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The endocrine system includes ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the blood. This makes option E correct about the system. Second messengers are the low molecular weight molecules that serve to transmit and amplify the signal of hormones, the first messenger, to initiate the downstream enzyme cascade inside the cell. Second messenger pathway is activated by binding of hormones to the receptor molecules present on the surface of target cells only. 

Hormones secreted by various endocrine glands maintain the normal functioning of target tissues/organs and thereby help to maintain homeostasis. 
Endocrine system effects are slow but long term. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.