Tag: chemiosmotic hypothesis

Questions Related to chemiosmotic hypothesis

Which one respiratory complex is coupled with ETS for ATP synthesis?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Complex I

  2. Complex III

  3. Complex IV

  4. Complex V

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

ATP synthase is also called complex V. It is the final enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and utilizes the energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate (Pi).

So, the correct option is 'Complex V'.

Breakdown of proton gradient developed during chemiosmosis leads to a halt in the release of 
bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Oxygen

  2. electrons

  3. Energy

  4. Protons

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

According to the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell, a proton gradient created by the ETS across the membrane leads to the passive movement of protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix or the stroma, through ATP synthase present on the inner membrane. The passive energy released by the protons is used for the synthesis of ATP from ADP. If a proton gradient breaksdown there will be no synthesis of ATP and no movement of protons across the membrane.

So, the correct answer is 'Energy'

Which of the following is an incorrect combination of organism with its chromosome number in mieocyte and in gamete?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Onion, $24, 12$

  2. Ophioglossum, $1260, 630$

  3. Human beings, $46, 23$

  4. Fruit fly, $8, 4$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Chromosome number in meiocyte $(2n)$ of onion cell is $32$, while chromosome number in gamete $(n)$ is $16$.

Which part of the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis.

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Root hari

  2. Stomata

  3. Leaf veins

  4. Sepals

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Light energy is not used directly or indirectly in which of the following option?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Splitting of ${ H } _{ 2 }O$

  2. To develop proton gradient during photophosphorylation

  3. ${ CO } _{ 2 }$ reduction in dark reaction

  4. To develop proton gradient during oxidative photophosphorylation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

NADH and FADH$ _{2}$ transfer their electrons to molecules near the beginning of the transport chain. As electrons are passed down the chain, they move from a higher to a lower energy level, releasing energy. Some of the energy is used to pump H$^{+}$ ions, moving them out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space. The energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis. Together, the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. 

So, the correct option is 'To develop proton gradient during oxidative photophosphorylation'.

Which theory explains ATP synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Lipman and Lohmann theory.

  2. Lock and Key theory of Fischer.

  3. Induced fit theory of Koshland.

  4. Chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The chemiosmotic theory explains how ATP is generated from mitochondria by electron transport chain. The chemiosmotic theory was developed by the British biochemist, Peter Mitchell, to explain the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts). 

So the correct option is 'Chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell.'

State whether the following statements are true or false .
ATP is a protein that supplies energy to the cell.

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

ATP is not a protein, it is a nucleotide. Proteins are made up of amino acids. While ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups. 

So, the correct option is 'False'.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Glucose is prepared at the source by photosynthesis which is converted to sucrose

  2. Loading at the source produces a hypotonic condition in phloem

  3. Loading of the phleom sets up a water potential gradient that facilitates the mass movement in the water

  4. Phloem tissue is composed of sieve tube cells, which form long columns with holes in their end walls called sieve plates

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Continued evolution of $O _2$ in suspension of an isolated chloroplast in light in the presence of ferric salt, violate dyes, etc. is called

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Oxygenation

  2. Blackmans reaction

  3. Hills reaction

  4. Emerson effect

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Hill reaction is defined as the photoreduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogens of water, with the evolution of oxygen. In vivo, or in the organism the final electron acceptor is NADP+. We can measure the rate of the Hill reaction in isolated chloroplasts. first demonstrated by Robert Hill in 1939, in which illuminated chloroplasts evolve oxygen when incubated in the presence of an artificial electron acceptor (e.g. Ferricyanide). The reaction is a property of photosystem II. 

So, the correct option is, 'Hills reaction'.

State whether the following statements are true or false .
The energy currency of a cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is chemically a lipoprotein.

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
lipoprotein is a biomolecule that is a combination of fat and protein. While ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups. 
So, the correct option is 'False'.