Tag: cardiac disorders

Bradycardia is an abnormality of the heart where an individual has the slow heart rate. The normal heart rate for an adult human being at rest is 72 beats per minute. In bradycardia, the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute in adults. Shortage of oxygenated blood due to infection of lungs is the major cause of bradycardia. The heart is unable to get the sufficient amount of oxygenated blood from the lungs. It turns fatal and may cause cardiac arrest.

Haemophilia is a group of hereditary disease that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation. Britain's Queen Victoria, through two of her five daughters, passed this mutation to various royal families across the continents, including the royal houses of Spain, Germany and Russia. Victoria's son also suffered from this disease. For this reason, Hemophilia is also called as 'the royal disease'.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Both (B) and (C)'.

Sickle cell anemia is the serious disorder in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. RBCs contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from lungs to rest of the body. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'A genetically determined defect of haemoglobin synthesis'.

Atherosclerosis is not related to the bone disorder. It is a condition related to arteries. Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a buildup of cholesterol around the artery wall. Arthritis, rickets and osteoporosis are the diseases related to the bone disorder. 

Radioactive $I^{131}$ gets concentrated in the thyroid gland like ordinary iodine ($I^{127}$). Radioactive $Sr^{90}$ is mistaken for calcium and enters bones to cause bone cancer. It also causes damage to WBCs, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc. It impairs eyesight and produces sterility, skin cancer and lung tumors.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), '$Strontium^{90}$'.

The Christmas disease is nothing but the Haemophilia B. It is a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the factor IX gene, leading to a deficiency of factor IX . It is called as Christmas disease, as it is named after Stephen Christmas, the first patient described with this disease.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Erythropoiesis is the process, which produces red blood cells. It is stimulated by decreased oxygen in circulation, which is detected by kidneys which then secretes the hormone erythopoietin. This hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of the red blood cell precursors. When there is anemia, there is low oxygen tension in the body. Because of this, there is a rise in the cell count due to liberation of erythropoietin.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Erythropoietin'.

Haemophilia is a group of hereditary disease, that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Haemophilia'.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the body. The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heartlung machine or "the pump". A CT or CAT scan is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, or axial, images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs, and blood vessels. CT scans are more detailed than standard X-rays.