Tag: soil and its conservations

Negative soil pollution occurs because of overuse of soil & its erosion thereby decreasing soil productivity. For example soil salinity due to over irrigation.

Forests are an important natural resource. They provide a variety of products, are a center of biodiversity, conserve water and soil. Forests are very important for maintenance of water cycle and ecological balance. Forests provide habitat to a large variety of organisms and tribal humans are directly dependent on forests for food and habitat.

Terracing is the practice of creating nearly level areas in a hillside area. The terraces form a series of steps, each at a higher level than the previous. Terraces are protected from erosion of soil. 

Soil conservation is a technique aimed at preserving the soil. There are various methods for soil conservation such as afforestation, manuring and crop rotation, step farming, windbreaks, strip cropping, mulching. Strip cropping is the method of farming in which the field is partitioned into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system. Crop rotation is the method of farming in which different types of crops are grown in the same area in different seasons. Mulching is the process of applying a layer of material on the soil in order to conserve soil moisture, improve fertility.

The importance of soil for plant growth is
1. Anchoring the plant.
2. Source of water and minerals.
3. Availability of oxygen for respiration of root cells.
4. Symbiotic association with microbes.

Open dumping or open landfilling is throwing of waste on uncovered low lying area. The waste is piled as high as the equipment can easily do. The waste is periodically burnt or compressed at intervals to reduce its bulk. In sanitary dumping or sanitary landfilling the waste is pulverised, compacted and covered over by a layer of dirt.

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Crop rotation gives various nutrients to the soil. Growing the same crop in the same place for many years in a row disproportionately depletes the soil of certain nutrients. With rotation, a crop that leaches the soil of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that returns, that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients: for example, rice followed by cotton. 

• Soil conservation is the protection of soil from erosion and other types of deterioration, so as to maintain soil fertility and productivity.
• Dryland Farming is the cultivation of crops without irrigation in regions of limited moisture, typically less than 20 inches (50 centimeters) of precipitation annually. It helps in soil conservation.
  
• Hence an agrostologic method of soil conservation is Dry Farming.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Dairy farming'.

Fumigant kills the insects with poisonous fumes. Examples are calcium cyanide, ethylene dibromide, etc.

Malathion is an organophosphate. It is an insecticide (pesticide) with relatively low human toxicity. It is being widely used in agricultural application.