Tag: addiction and dependence

Cirrhosis is an abnormal liver condition in which there is irreversible scarring of the liver. The main causes are sustained excessive alcohol consumption and fatty liver disease. Symptoms include loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin, fluid retention (oedema) and swelling in ankles, legs and abdomen. So, the correct answer is option A.

There are 2 ways that alcohol can be processed by your liver. Most alcohol is broken down, or metabolised, by an enzyme in your liver cells known as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). ADH breaks down alcohol into acetaldehyde and then another enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), rapidly breaks down acetaldehyde into acetate. The acetate is further metabolised and eventually leaves your body as carbon dioxide and water.

It is advised not to drink alcohol while taking aspirin. Alcohol can increase the risk of stomach bleeding caused by aspirin.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Scopolamine is an anticholinergic medicine. Scopolamine has many effects in the body including decreasing the secretion of fluids, slowing the stomach and intestines, and dilation of the pupils. Scopolamine is used to relieve nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and recovery from anesthesia and surgery. Scopolamine may also be used in the treatment of parkinsonism, spastic muscle states, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis and other conditions. Scopolamine is also called as hyoscine. It is alkaloid drug obtained from a number of plants of the family Solenaceae, including nightshade (Atropa belladona), henbane and jimsonweed. 

Abuse of alcohol may cause three types of liver damage, which often develop in the following order: Accumulation of fat (fatty liver, or steatosis): This type is the least serious and can sometimes be reversed. It occurs in more than 90% of people who drink too much alcohol

Alcoholism causes amnesia. The person drinks, does things and cannot remember them afterwards.
Alcohol can cause blood glucose levels to rise or fall, depending on how much you drink.
Fatty liver syndrome results from the deposition of fats in liver cells resulting from the consumption of alcohol.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Alcoholism is a condition of taking excess alcohol at a time or frequently. This addiction can lead to damage to brain (like the mood change), heart ( strokes and high blood pressure), liver ( steatosis means excessive deposition of fat in the liver and causes fatty liver), and also causes cancer like throat, mouth and liver. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Friends can influence one to take drugs and alcohols. A person can protect himself against drug abuse by increasing ones will power to stay away from alcohol and drugs. One should not experiment with alcohol or drugs for curiosity and fun.

Adolescence is marked by accelerated physical growth, development of reproductive organs and changes in functioning of the neuroendocrine system. It is observed that during adolescence, there is generally lack of sleep due to mood swings. Lack of sleep due to mood irregulation leads to Anxiety and Depression.