Tag: ecology and ecosystem

Ecosystem ecology is the study of living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of an ecosystem and their interactions within an ecosystem. Well known ecosystem ecologist is E. P. Odum. Eugene Pleasants Odum is well known for his pioneering work on ecosystem ecology. He wrote a book on 'Fundamentals of Ecology.'

Stability of ecosystem depends upon interchange between producers and consumers. Producers and consumers occupy different trophic levels of a food chain. High interactivity between producers and consumers makes the ecosystem to be independent of outside factors for its stability.

An ecosystem consists of both biotic and abiotic components and interactions between them. When the interactions take place there must be some input of energy for example light energy is transferred to plants for performing photosynthesis and if there is an input of energy then there must be a continuous output of energy also.

an ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic components of an area. Biotic components interact with their surroundings or the abiotic component to form a sustainable environment.

The ecosystem is a self-regulatory and self-sustaining structural and functional unit of the biosphere containing a community of living beings and the physical environment, both interacting and exchanging materials between them. In an ecosystem, energy flow is unidirectional. So, the correct option is "all of the above".

• Cropland includes areas used for the production of adapted crops for harvest. Two subcategories of cropland are recognized: cultivated and non-cultivated. 
• Cultivated cropland comprises land in row crops or close-grown crops and also other cultivated cropland, for example, hay land or pasture land that is in a rotation with row or close-grown crops.
•  Non-cultivated cropland includes permanent hay land and horticultural cropland. 
• Major natural resource concerns facing cropland include: (1) erosion by wind and water, (2) maintaining and enhancing soil quality, (3) water quality from nutrient and pesticides runoff and leaching, and (4) managing the quantity of water available for irrigation.
  

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. The Sun is the source of energy in most ecosystems. Energy is transferred from the Sun to plants that make their own food. The stored energy in plants is transferred to animals that eat the plants. When organisms die, their bodies decompose, or break down. The materials needed by organisms in an ecosystem are recycled, or used over again.  

Anthropogenic biomes, also known as anthromes or human biomes, describe the terrestrial biosphere in its contemporary, human-altered from using global ecosystem units defined by global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems.