Tag: skeletal system and muscles

Rehydration can be accomplished using solutions with higher sodium, i.e., 75-90 mmol/L. These are termed rehydration solutions (ORS). High sodium rehydrating solutions used to treat acute dehydration may be used for maintenance by giving the solution alternately on a 1-to-1 basis with a no-sodium or low-sodium fluid such as water or breast milk. Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected faeces entering the mouth. It may also be spread by food or water containing human faeces and ultimately reaches the central nervous system (CNS). Virulent Escherichia coli strains cause either non inflammatory diarrhoea (watery diarrhoea) or inflammatory diarrhoea (dysentery with stools usually containing blood, mucus and leukocytes). Shigella is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhoea worldwide. The characteristic clinical syndrome associated with rhinovirus infection is the common cold. 

Schistosomiasis infection is acquired when people come into contact with fresh water infested with the larval forms of parasitic blood flukes, known as schistosomes. The microscopic adult worms live in the veins draining the urinary tract and intestines. Eggs from the mature worms are passed out (excreted) in the faeces or urine of an infected person. These eggs can get into fresh water if it is contaminated with human sewage. Symptoms can be bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, right upper quadrant pain, cramps.

Genotype of the man --> A$^H$A (where A$^H$ is the chromosome carrying dominant gene for haemolytic jaundice and A is the homologous chromosome carrying the normal allele).
Genotype of woman --> AA
P generation :          A$^H$A    X     AA

Vomiting is considered as the uncontrolled form of reflex action. During this response, the contents of the stomach are thrown in the upward direction and removed from the mouth. The contents of the stomach and water are lost during this process. This leads to drying of the tissues of the alimentary canal. This is called as dry heaven. This condition is observed when there are continuous episodes of vomiting.

Vomiting is considered as the uncontrolled form of reflex action. During this response, the contents of the stomach are thrown in the upward direction and removed from the mouth. This response can be given against different stimulus like smell or taste. Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix. Meningitis is the inflammation of the brain or the spinal cord. The inflammation of these regions may disturb the normal process of digestion. This can result in vomiting. Vomiting may be caused due to ulcers which might result in indigestion. 

Tetanus also called lockjaw disease is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can even lead to death, while diarrhea, jaundice, dysentery are disorders related to the digestive system.