Tag: carbohydrate and its test

Human food should consist of a variety of nutrients such as carbohydrates, minerals, fats, proteins, vitamins and fibre. However, carbohydrates provides the human body with maximum energy. Carbohydrates are broken down to various forms of glucose which acts as the best source of energy. A diet rich in carbohydrates includes potatoes, both white and sweet and rice (mainly brown rice) and foods made from whole wheat.

The composition of a healthy human food includes carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, fats, minerals and fibre. While the consumption of these nutrients are required in varied quantities, usually depicted in a triangle with carbohydrates forming the base. Of all the nutrients, carbohydrates produce the maximum energy required for the body which is followed by fats. Proteins produce energy only under emergency situations.

About 70% of our energy requirements should be met by carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the foods provide energy for the body functions and physical activities. They, however, do not have same energy content. The following is the energy-content by respective nutrients:
1 gram of carbohydrates- 4 kcal
1 gram of protein- 4 kcal
1 gram of fats- 9 kcal
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from just three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs. 

In animals fats, carbohydrates and proteins are responsible for generation of energy.
Proteins are metabolized by breaking down into individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastro-intestinal tract which are further broken down to α-keto acids which can be recycled in the body for generation of energy, and production of glucose or fat or other amino acids.
Fats are the major contributor of the molicules like acetyl-CoA which is an integral part of Krebs cycle and generates energy.
Carbohydrates takes part in cellular process like glycolysis and leads to generation of energy.
Vitamins are not directly involved in generation of energy although they indirectly support the process of energy production.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Oligosaccharides are formed by joining together 2-9 monosaccharides molecules. For example maltose, sucrose, lactose.

All monosaccharides with six carbon atoms, resembling glucose, fructose, etc have an empirical formula of C$ _n$H$ _{2n}$O$ _n$. However, the molecular formula of Rhamnose is C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _5$.

Glucose is a hexose sugar made up of six carbon atoms. Its general formula is $\displaystyle Cn{ H } _{ 2 }nOn$. It is utilized for energy production.