Tag: eukaryotic cell

The chromosomes are composed of DNA and histone proteins. The ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins. Both the structures contain the nucleic acid as well as proteins in them. The chromosomes are found in the nucleus but the ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm and on the surface of RER. 

The cell is the structural unit of organisms, a group of cells with common origin and function constitute tissue and assemblage of tissues with related function constitute organ. An organism has different organs to perform several functions. So, the correct answer is option A.

• The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. 
• The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures that are present in both the plant and the animal cells. 
• The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 
  
  

• Dougherty in the year 1957 suggested that there exist fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  
• A eukaryotic cell consists of membrane-bound organelles and nucleus with its envelope-pore membrane complex whereas, they are absent in a prokaryotic cell.
• So, the correct answer is 'Dougherty'.

• Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  
• It is made up of two subunits-
• Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
• Small subunits- reads RNA.
• In a eukaryotic cell, the ribosome present is an 80S type and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) have 70S type 
• It is made up of two subunits- a larger subunit 60S and a smaller subunit 40S.
• So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

• Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the absence of histones.
• A prokaryotic cell does not have complex histone proteins as present in the eukaryotic cell.
• They instead have smaller, less complex, basic proteins called histone-like proteins.
• HU is a folding protein which is abundantly found in the nucleoid.
• So, the correct answer is 'Histones'.

• Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  
• They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
• They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
• It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
• So, the correct answer is 'Fatty seeds'.

• Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.
  
• The common characteristics in plant and animal cells are They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. 
  
• The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms i.e both plant and animals.
  
• Hence mitochondria is common in plant and animal cells.
• So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria'.