Tag: government, society and culture under the delhi sultanate

Muhammad- bin - Tughluq was a brilliant scholar. He was a knowledgeable person and well versed in astronomy, poetry, philosophy, logic, medicine, physical science, and mathematics. He had a high sense of justice. He was a great poet and a good orator. But all his qualities failed in his practical life. He died in 1351.

Iqta was an assignment of revenues of a defined area of land in return of services rendered.Iqtadar was the holder of the assignment. He performed the duties of controlling the areas, establishing peace, collecting revenues etc.

Iltutmish who was the third ruler of the Slave dynasty of Delhi constituted a corp of 40 loyal slaves Amirs Known as Turkana-i-Chihalgani. It was the selected body of Turkish nobility which was destroyed by Balban later. 

From the time of Balban the iqtadars were expected to send the excess of the income to the center after meeting his and the army’s expenses this was known as Fawazil. It was done to maintain a balance between the income and expenditure of Iqta-holders.

Answer - (D) Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Following were the taxes during the Sultanate period:

• Kharaj is a tax imposed on agriculture. 
• Jaziya was taken from non-muslims. 
• Zakat is a religious obligation for all Muslims whereas Khums was a tax taken on plunder. 
  

Adhai din Jhonpra was a Masjid built by Qutub-ud-Din-Aibak, first Sultan of Delhi, in AD 1199 .

Mohammed bin Tughlaq, constructed the city of  Jahanpanah and Adilabad Fort. Adilabad Fort is referred to by historians as the fourth fort of Delhi, in the footsteps of famous contemporaries like Red Fort, Old Fort and the adjacent Tughlaqabad.

 Historians have described the Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq as the mixture of opposites because he was extremely humble but at the same time extremely arrogant. At many times, he was extremely generous and at other times, an extremely narrow-minded.