Tag: introduction to thermodynamics

Questions Related to introduction to thermodynamics

Which statement is correct?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. The final destination is not important with state functions

  2. The change in altitude was the same for the train and the hikers, therefore the change in altitude is a state function

  3. The starting point is not important with state functions

  4. The hikers put more effort into climbing therefore the change in altitude is not a state function

  5. None of these
Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The statement B is correct.
The change in altitude was the same for the train and the hikers, therefore the change in altitude is a state function. The value of state function depend only on initial and final value and is independent of the path followed.

Which statement BEST describes why work is a path function

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. You finish at a different place

  2. You start at a different place

  3. The amount of work varies depending on which path you take to get to the destination

  4. The amount of work is the same whichever path you take to get to the destination

  5. Work is not a path function, it is a state function

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The statement (C) BEST describes why work is a path function.
The amount of work varies depending on which path you take to get to the destination.
State function is independent of the pah followed whereas path function is dependent on path followed.

Consider the following reaction, taking place in a container fitted with a movable piston.
$2SO _{2}(g) + O _{2}(g) \rightarrow 2SO _{3}(g)$
Suppose we place two moles each of $SO _{2}$ and $O _{2}$ in the reaction vessel at $25^{\circ}C$, and adjust the volume to give a total pressure of $1.0\ atm$. The reaction is ignited by a spark, and goes to completion. The temperature is returned to $25^{\circ}$.
Which of the following best describes this system after reaction is complete?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. $SO _{2}$ is limiting. The volume of the system remains the same.

  2. Neither reactant is limiting. The volume of the system decreases.

  3. $SO _{2}$ is limiting. The volume of the system decreases.

  4. $O _{2}$ is limiting. The volume of the system remains the same.

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which describes an endothermic reaction?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. Positive $\displaystyle \Delta H$

  2. Negative $\displaystyle \Delta H$

  3. Positive $\displaystyle \Delta G$

  4. Negative $\displaystyle \Delta G$

  5. Positive $\displaystyle \Delta S$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The term endothermic process describes a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings so enthalpy change should be positive

Which of the following statements are correct?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. $\Delta H$ is a state function

  2. Value of $\Delta H $ is independent of path taken

  3. $\Delta H$ can be determined under standard condition

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Change in enthalpy $\triangle H$ is a state function as its value doesn't depend on the path taken i.e. they give a unique value for each given state of a system. Since it gives value independent of path taken, its value at standard condition can be determined(25℃ and 1atm)
Hence all statements are correct.

Which of the following statements are not true?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. Heat is a macroscopic physical property

  2. Heat is an intrinsic property of a body

  3. Heat is stored in a body as internal energy

  4. Heat is path independent

Show answer
Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:

An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within. It is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material. Heat flow is a results of a temperature difference between two bodies hence, it is not an intrinsic property of substance.

Two important examples of a path function are heat and work. These two functions are dependent on how the thermodynamic system changes from the initial state to final state.

Which of the following functions are path independent?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. Work

  2. Heat

  3. Gravitational potential energy

  4. Internal energy

Show answer
Correct Option: C,D
Explanation:

In thermodynamics, a state function or function of state is a function defined for a system relating several state variables or state quantities that depends only on the current equilibrium state of the system. State functions do not depend on the path by which the system arrived at its present state. A state function describes the equilibrium state of a system.

For example, internal energy, enthalpy, Gravitational potential energy and entropy are state quantities because they describe quantitatively an equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system, irrespective of how the system arrived in that state.

Which of the following is path function?

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. Work

  2. Specific volume

  3. Pressure

  4. Temperature

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In thermodynamics, a state function or function of state is a function defined for a system relating several state variables or state quantities that depends only on the current equilibrium state of the system. State functions do not depend on the path by which the system arrived at its present state. A state function describes the equilibrium state of a system.

Hence, work is a path function and not state function.

An isolated system is that system in which:

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. there is no exchange of energy with the surroundings

  2. there is exchange of mass and energy with the surroundings

  3. there is no exchange of energy and mass with the surroundings

  4. there is exchange of energy and mass with the surroundings

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An isolated system is a thermodynamic system that cannot exchange either energy or matter (mass) outside the boundaries of the system. An isolated system differs from a closed system by the transfer of energy. Closed systems are only closed to matter, energy can be exchanged across the system's boundaries.
Hence, correct answer is option C. 

Steady state is represented by :

chemistry chemical thermodynamics system and surroundings introduction to thermodynamics basics of thermodynamics

  1. Getting raw materials.

  2. Intake of food and energy.

  3. Intake of materials and energy, elimination of wastes and dissipation of energy.

  4. Removal of waste products and intake of raw materials.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Living beings require energy for their day to day activity. They generally consume food for intake of energy. They generally consume food for intake of energy, The utilize energy and eliminate the rest of the waste.
In the whole process, there is no change in energy and mass. Hence it can be considered as a steady state.
To get clear understanding of steady state read the following example:
When the drain of bathtub is open and water is being added into the bathtub at same rate, then the amount of water in the bathtub is constant.
Water draining=Water added
It is a steady state as the state variable volume is constant overtime.