Tag: process of evolution

What Lamarck claimed was the inheritance of characteristics acquired through effort, or will. 

The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism such as the enlargement of a muscle through repeated use may be transmitted to offspring. It is also commonly referred to as the theory of adaptation equated with the evolutionary theory of French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck known as Lamarckism. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring (also known as heritability of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance).
Darwin and the HMS Beagle were in Galapagos during the months of September and October of 1835, and during this time Darwin had the opportunity to explore a handful of islands, collecting Galapagos species for use in his research back home.
An Essay on the Principle of Population  was given by Thomas Robert Malthus.
In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved". Thus, option B is correct and other options are wrong.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring (also known as heritability of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance). It is named after the French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who incorporated the action of soft inheritance into his evolutionary theories as a supplement to his concept of an inherent progressive tendency driving organisms continuously towards greater complexity, in parallel but separate lineages with no extinction. Lamarck did not originate the idea of soft inheritance, which proposes that individual efforts during the lifetime of the organisms were the main mechanism driving species to adaptation, as they supposedly would acquire adaptive changes and pass them on to offspring. Lamarck theory of evolution is also called as inheritance of acquired characters. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Lamarck gave the theory of inheritance of acquired characters. Darwin included struggle for existence in his theory of origin of species by natural selection. 

To account for polymorphism Weismann developed hypothesis of germinal selection. He said that the germplasm has got not a single set of determiners but a number of different sets of determiners. It is the environment that decides which set of determiners will express themselves. 

Birds like the emu and ostrich gave up on flight because they became fat and lazy when the dinosaurs died, according to new research. An abundance of food and a lack of predators following the extinction of dinosaurs saw a number of birds fatten up and simply stop bothering to take to the air. Many scientists had believed that the ancestors of modern flightless birds such as emus and ostriches were also flightless. But a new study suggests they could fly and gradually stopped making the effort.