Tag: microscopy

Questions Related to microscopy

These vacuoles store nutrients

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Sap

  2. Contractile

  3. Food

  4. Air

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • Sap vacuoles store food and variety of nutrients required by the cell to survive.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Sap'.

Liquid content of a vacuole is called

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Cell sap

  2. Matrix

  3. Nucleoid

  4. Core

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • Cell sap refers to the fluid inside the vacuole of a plant cell which serves as storage of materials.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cell sap'.

Chromosome having terminal centromere capped by telomere is

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Chromosome having terminal centromere capped by telomere is Acrocentric.
  • An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Acrocentric'.

Match the columns

Column I Column II
(a) Metacentric (i) At the tip
(b) Submetacentric (ii) Almost near the tip
(c) Acrocentric (iii) At the middle
(d) Telocentric (iv) Slightly away from middle
botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. a-i, b-iv, c-ii, d-iii

  2. a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii

  3. a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i

  4. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

i) Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre so that the two arms are equal.

ii) Submetacentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near the slightly away from the centre and the two arms are slightly unequal in length and form L-shape.
iii) Acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
iv) Telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
So, the correct answer is 'a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i'.

Which is wrong

biology organisation of the organism membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Both chloroplast and mitochondrion has an internal compartment or thylakoid space bounded by thylakoid membrane

  2. Both contain DNA

  3. Chloroplast is generally larger

  4. Both are covered by double membrane.

Show answer
Correct Option: A

A chromosome with centromere near the middle is called

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

1) Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric.

2) Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.
3) Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
4)Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
So, the correct answer is 'Submetacentric'.

Chromosome carrying centromeres at one end is :

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telecentric

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A chromosome consists of two identical halves, the chomatids which are held together at one point. This point is known as centromere. The centromere appears as a narrow region called primary constriction, of the chromosome. On the sides of centromere, disc shaped structures are present known as kinetochores.
Depending on the position of centromere, chromosomes can be classified into four types:

  • Metacentric
  • Sub-metacentric
  • Acrocentric
  • Telocentric
Chromosome carrying centromeres at one end is called telocentric. It is also known as terminal chromosome because centromere is present at the terminal end. Thus, this chromosome appears to have a single arm.

Number of protofilaments present in a microtubule is

biology organisation of the organism membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. 15

  2. 13

  3. 10

  4. 5.

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Human chromosomes have been grouped on the basis of size and centromere into ____ types

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. $5$

  2. $6$

  3. $7$

  4. $10$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

We group chromosomes into 7 groups, based on their size (how long they are), and the position of their centromeres (the narrow part that separates the two arms from one another). Some chromosomes have their centromeres at or near the middle, some have them somewhere between the middle and the end, and some have centrosomes at the very end of the chromosomes.


So, the correct answer is '7'.

A chromosome with centromere in the middle is

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Metacentric

  2. Telocentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Dicentric

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the center so that the two arms are equal.
B. A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
C.  An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
D. A dicentric chromosome (abnormal centormere) is formed by the fusion of two chromosome segments thus, have two centromere.
So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric'.