Tag: microbes and farming

• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the third most commonly used herbicide all over the world.  The health hazards of 2,4-D to humans include that it may induce cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes, irreversible eye damage, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Many methods are proposed for treatment of chemical pollution, however, the safest and the cheapest one is the use of microorganisms for biodegradation of these pollutants. the most biologically active strains against 2,4-D proved to belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Nocardia, Streptomyces and Aspergillus.
• 1,1,1 -trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) is one of the best synthetic pesticides. It was used to control mosquitoes spreading malaria, typhus and other insect-borne diseases among both military and civilian populations. After the war, DDT was made available for use as an agricultural insecticide. It was used extensively for the control of grass grub {Costelytra zealandica White). It was necessary to introduce microbes to degrade or control DDT in soil. It was done so by using DDT-degrading strain of E. aerogenes.
• So all the above options are correct.

Rotenone is a crystalline isoflavone used as an insecticide. It occurs naturally in several plants. example jicama vine plant, and the roots of Fabaceae.

Pyrethrum is a genus of plants which are cultivated as ornamentals. It is a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides derived from natural Pyrethrum (pyrethrins). The compound enhances the effect of toxicity to insects. These compounds target the nervous system of the insects. They are commonly used as insect repellants. 

Biopesticides are those biological agents that are used for the control of weeds, insects and pathogens. examples of biopesticide are as follows-
a) Nicotine- tobacco
b) Azadirachtin- neem

Integrated pests management is a method which uses the natural agents like the microbes and insects to control the population of other harmful pests and insects. Thus, it is an integrated method for the control of the pests, insects, harmful disease causing agents, etc. The different methods to control pests are physical, biological, chemical, mechanical and cultural. 

Integrated pests management is a method which uses the natural agents like the microbes and insects to control the population of other harmful pests and insects. The different methods to control pests are physical, biological, chemical, mechanical and cultural. The physical method involves controlling physical parameters like cold, high temperature, humidity, light, etc. Manipulation of these parameters help in controlling pests.

Integrated pests management is a method which uses the natural agents like the microbes and insects to control the population of other harmful pests and insects. Mechanical control is applied when the pests reach an unacceptable level. This method includes techniques like bagging fruit, sieves, hand-picking, barriers, traps, vacuuming and tillage to disrupt breeding. 

Eight basic principles are included in integrated pest management.