Tag: biology

• Renin is a hormone produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
• Renin also acts as an enzyme in the conversion of angiotensin-1 to its active form, angiotensin-2 involved in constriction of blood vessels. Hence renin is both a hormone and an enzyme. Hence, renin is both a hormone and enzyme.

• Angiotensin is a polypeptide that narrow blood vessels and thus regulates arterial pressure. 
• Angiotensin not only constricts blood vessels all over the body in order to increase systemic blood pressure, but it also works in the kidneys in order to maintain blood pressure in the glomerulus(glomerular pressure) so that the glomerular filtration rate stays normal even in the condition when blood pressure is low. Hence, angiotensin increases glomerular pressure.

• Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidney.
  
• It is a glycoprotein. 
• This hormone helps in the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte precursors.
• Thus, they produce red blood cells (RBCs) from the bone marrow cells and this process is also known as erythropoiesis.
• The cells of the kidney that produces erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels to the kidney.
• So, the correct answer is 'Glycoprotein'.

• Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidney.
  
• It is a glycoprotein. 
• This hormone helps in the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte precursors.
  
• Thus, they produce red blood cells (RBCs) from the bone marrow cells and this process is also known as erythropoiesis.
  
• The cells of the kidney that produces erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels to the kidney.
• The extrarenal site for erythropoietin release is liver.
• So, the correct answer is 'Kidneys'.

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways: (i) dissolved in solution in the plasma; (ii) buffered with bicarbonate (i.e as hydrogen carbonate ions) and (iii) bound to proteins, particularly hemoglobin.  So, the correct option is 'Erythropoietin'.

• Chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease found in the mast cells and also present in basophil granulocytes.
  
• Chymase hydrolyzes chymotryptic substrates by activating chymotrypsinogen.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Activator of chymotrypsinogen'.

Smallpox vaccine was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1798. He observed that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not later catch smallpox by showing that inoculated cowpox protected against inoculated smallpox. Smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine.