Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Which of the following trigger renin-angiotens in the system?

biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

  1. Increased blood sugar

  2. High CI concentration in the blood

  3. Lowered blood pressure

  4. Increased sodium retention

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
When renal blood flow is reduced, the enzyme renin is secreted by the kidney cells. This promotes the conversion of angiotensinogen, produced by the liver, to angiotensin, which stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys. This raises the blood volume and the flow of blood through the kidneys, suppressing renin production and reducing aldosterone secretion.
So the correct answer is lowered blood pressure. 

Lung cancer is caused by?

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Coal mining

  2. Chromium fluoride

  3. Cement factory

  4. Bauxite mining

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which of the following changes would you find in the disease polycythemia?

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Increase in total WBCs

  2. Decrease in total RBCs

  3. Increase in total RBCs

  4. Decrease in total WBCs

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Polycythemia is a disease state in which the hematocrit (the volume % of RBC in the Blood) is elevated.It can be due to an increase in the number of RBC ("absolute polycythemia") or to a decrease in the volume of plasma ("relative polycythemia").

So, he correct option is C. ( Increase in total RBC )

'Philadelphia chromosome' is found in the patient suffering from

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Insomnia

  2. Leukaemia

  3. Hepatitis

  4. Albinism

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

'Philadelphia chromosome' is found in the patient suffering from leukaemia. The main cause is a genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of leukaemia cancer cells. The chromosome is short due to a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 and contains a fusion gene called BCR-ABL1 which is juxtaposed onto the BCR gene of chromosome 22, coding for a hybrid protein, a tyrosine kinase signalling protein which causes rapid multiplication of the cell.

So, the correct answer is 'Leukaemia'.

Causative agents of cancer are termed 

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Oncogenes

  2. Radiogens

  3. Estrogens

  4. Carcinogens

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Oncogenes are genes that has the potential to cause cancer.
Estrogens are a group of hormones that are important for female sexual and reproductive development.
Carcinogens are substances, radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Vascular spread of tumour is known as

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Metastasis

  2. Haemostasis

  3. Haemolysis

  4. Erythropoiesis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The spread of tumour cells through vascular system (blood, lymph) from the site of formation to other parts of the body is known as metastasis.

So, the correct answer is 'Metastasis'

UV radiations affects human being by causing

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Skin cancer

  2. Peptic ulcer

  3. Kidney problems

  4. Heart problems

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere above the Earth. The layer of ozone is responsible for the absorption of the harmful ultraviolet radiations from the solar radiations. These radiations are prevented from entering the Earth's atmosphere to prevent the development of skin cancer. The radiations can also damage the eye and other exposed parts of the body. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

The substance that tends to produce cancer is known as

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Oncogene

  2. Carcinoma

  3. Carcinogen

  4. Metastasis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carcinogen is a substance or agent that can cause cells to become cancerous by altering their genetic structure so that they multiply continuously and become malignant. Asbestos, DDT, and tobacco smoke are examples of carcinogens.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Uncontrolled cell division leads to

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. normal growth

  2. cancer

  3. whooping cough

  4. gigantism.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cancer arises from the abnormal, purposeless, and uncontrolled division of cells that then invade and destroy the surrounding tissues.

Cancer is not a contagious disease instead, it is an error in cellular regulation.
Why is it that cancer can spread so quickly throughout a living organism?

biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

  1. Some cancer cells can produce their own growth factor to pass cell cycle checkpoints.

  2. Cancer cells reproduce by going through the phases of the cell cycle in the wrong sequence.

  3. Cancer cells are developed by natural selection due to overuse of antibiotics.

  4. Cancer cells spend most of their time in the G$ _0$ phase of the cell cycle.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cell cycles are regulated by cyclins and Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK). In cancer cells this regulatory mechanism is lost, thus the cells divide or proliferate in an uncontrolled manner after a certain stage, they produce growth factors and respond to them in an autocrine manner. Since, they are the body cells they are not destroyed by the immune system. They are capable of separating from the parent tumor and establishing else where in the body, a process called metastasis.

So, the correct answer is 'Some cancer cells can produce their own growth factor to pass cell cycle checkpoints'