Tag: hypothalamus

Questions Related to hypothalamus

The primary target of the hormones of hypothalamus is 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Pineal gland

  2. Thymus

  3. Pituitary

  4. Testis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
B. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart.
C. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
D. Testis are the primary sex organs in males that secrete the hormone testosterone.
The hormones secreted by hypothalamus reach the pituitary gland through circulatory system and regulate the functions of anterior part of pituitary gland. Hence, the primary target of hormones of hypothalamus is pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Pituitary'.

The releasing hormones are produced by

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Testis

  2. Pancreas

  3. Pituitary

  4. Hypothalamus

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Testis are the primary sex organs in males that secrete the hormone testosterone.
B. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
C. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. Two types of hormones are produced by hypothalamus, releasing hormones that stimulate the secretion of pituitary hormones and inhibiting hormones that inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.

Pituitary gland is under the control of

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Adrenal medulla

  4. Hypothalamus

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
C. Adrenal medulla is part of adrenal gland and secretes adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormones.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.

Which centre is stimulated during increase in body temperature

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Anterior hypothalamus

  2. Posterior hypothalamus

  3. Limbic system

  4. Red nucleus

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Hypothalamus controls the production of which of the following pituitary hormones?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. ACTH (corticotropin), GH (growth hormone) and ADH (vasopressin)

  2. FSH and progesterone

  3. TSH (thyrotropin) and cortisol

  4. LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland. It increases the flow of blood to adrenal cortex and also increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroids. This result in increased output of steroid hormone cortisol from adrenal cortex.
  • GH (Growth hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates body growth and carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism.
  •  ADH (Anti diuretic hormone )or Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males.
  • Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
  • TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates the function and growth of thyroid gland.
  • Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex and regulates carbohydrate metabolism , storage of glycogen and increased reabsorption of sodium and water from the renal tubules.
  • Luteinizing hormone or LH is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. In males this hormone is called interstitial cell stimulating hormone or ICSH and affects the Leydig cells of testes.
Hence, LH, ACTH and TSH are secreted from pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)'.

The hormone responsible for the regulation of metabolism
of calcium and phosphorus is secreted by

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid and thyroid both

  3. Thymus

  4. Pancreas

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Parathyroid and thyroid hormones regulates the amount of calcium and phosphate in extra cellular fluid. It promotes the absorption of calcium from food in intestine, it accelerates elimination of phosphates in urine.

Coordinator between nervous and endocrine systems is 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thalamus

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Epithalamus

  4. Colliculus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The coordination and integration in different organs of human body is maintained by nervous system and endocrine system. Nervous system is the system of nerve cells through which information is  carried between organs and organ systems. The organs where these nerve cells do not innervate are regulated by endocrine system which consists of endocrine glands secreting chemical messengers or hormones. Hence, nervous system and endocrine system work in a coordinated manner and this coordination is maintained by hypothalamus. Hypothalamus regulates many body functions and secrete many releasing and inhibiting hormones which stimulates synthesis or inhibition of hormones from pituitary gland. The hormones from pituitary gland then regulate hormones secretion from other endocrine glands.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Adenohypophysis

  3. Pars intermedia

  4. Neurohypophysis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by hypothalamus. It stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. TSH, also known as thyrotropin stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine increases the consumption of oxygen in metabolically active tissues and regulates metabolic rate of the body. Hyposecretion of TRH leads to hypothyroidism.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.

Spot the wrong pair.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Corpus luteum - Progesterone

  2. Interstitial cells - Testosterone

  3. Hypothalamus - FSH

  4. Acrosome - Hyaluronidase

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Corpus luteum is the group of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone.
  • Leydig cell or Interstitial cells are cells found adjacent to the seminiferous tubule that secretes testosterone.
  • Hypothalamus secretes GnRH which in turns stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH.
  • Acrosome is the upper portion of the sperm and releases hyaluronidase.
  • Thus, the correct answer is (C).

Somatostatin 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Stimulates glucagon release and inhibits insulin release

  2. Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon

  3. Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon

  4. Inhibits glucagon release and stimulates insulin release

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Somatostatin is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland. It is also produced in pancreas. Pancreas have three types of cells:
  1. Alpha cells: secrete glucagon which increases blood glucose level
  2. Beta cells: secrete insulin which decreases blood glucose level
  3. Delta cells: secrete somatostatin which inhibit secretion of glucagon and insulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon'.