Tag: mutation

Questions Related to mutation

Which of the following is unique in every human being?

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Satellite DNA

  2. NOR

  3. Microsatellite DNA

  4. Mini-micro-satellite DNA

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A mini-micro-satellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times. Minisatellites occur at more than 1,000 locations in the human genome and they are notable for their high mutation rate and high diversity in the population.
So, the correct answer is 'Mini-micro-satellite.'

Minisatellite sequences are repeat units with base pairs

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. 2 - 6

  2. 6 - 30

  3. 11 - 60

  4. 21 - 100.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A minisatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times. ... Minisatellites and their shorter cousins, the microsatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA.

So, the correct answer is '11-60.'

Gene amplification requires besides sample DNA

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Nucleotides

  2. Nucleotides and polymerases

  3. Alternate heating and cooling

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an amplification technique for cloning the specific or targeted parts of a DNA sequence to generate thousands to millions of copies of DNA of interest. This molecular “xeroxing” process involves heating and cooling samples in a precise thermal cycling pattern over ≈30 cycles. PCR uses a small amount of template DNA, two primers that flank the target sequence, nucleotides, and thermostable DNA polymerase to amplify a specific region of DNA.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C.'

In vitro repeated replication of selected DNA components is

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Gene amplification

  2. Gene replication

  3. Gene synthesis

  4. Pleiotropy

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gene amplification can occur in situ, forming a so-called homogeneously staining region (HSR) in the normal chromosomal location of the gene (many copies of the gene are present as tandem repeats) or as so-called double minute chromosomes (extra chromosomal fragments of DNA containing multiple copies of the amplified gene). Gene amplification can also occur as an artifact when tumor cells are cultured in vitro.

So, the correct answer is 'Gene amplification.'

Microsatellite sequences are repeat units with base pairs

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. 1 - 6

  2. 5 - 30

  3. 11 - 60

  4. 20 - 120

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Microsatellites are polymorphic repeating units of 1–6 base pairs in length, found in human DNA. Microsatellites can be amplified for identification by PCR and can be used as molecular markers. Microsatellite analysis (MSA) is a PCR analysis of DNA in exfoliated urine cells.

So, the correct answer is '1-6.'

Hypervariable repeats/minisatellite DNA sequences were discovered by

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Jeffreys et al

  2. Sharp and Roberts

  3. Parsons et al

  4. Sears and Sears

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Discovering their high level of variability, Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting based on minisatellites, solving the first immigration case by DNA in 1985, and the first forensic murder case, the Enderby murders in the United Kingdom, in 1986.

So, the correct answer is 'Jeffreys et al.'

Satellite DNA contains

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Repetitive DNA

  2. Segments forming sn RNA

  3. Segments forming sc RNA

  4. Both B and C.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Satellite DNA consists of arrays of tandemly repeating sequences that are widely present (>30%) in the genome. Satellite DNA is mainly present in heterochromatin or the tightly packed regions of chromosomes in centromeres, telomeres, and sometimes even in the euchromatin region (active region of the genome).

So, the correct answer is 'Repetitive DNA.'

Which is different in related species?

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Position of centromeres

  2. Position of NOR

  3. Satellite DNA

  4. All the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Satellite DNA consists of arrays of tandemly repeating sequences that are widely present (>30%) in the genome. Satellite DNA is mainly present in heterochromatin or the tightly packed regions of chromosomes in centromeres, telomeres, and sometimes even in the euchromatin region (active region of the genome).

So, the correct answer is 'Satellite DNA.'

The technique used in DNA fingerprinting is 

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Western blotting

  2. Northern blotting

  3. Southern blotting

  4. Flow cytometry

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Correct Option: C

VNTRs are

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Variable number of tandem repeats

  2. Very narrow tandem repeats

  3. Variable noncistronic transposon repeats

  4. Valuable noncistronic transposic regions

Show answer
Correct Option: A