Tag: reproduction

12, 36, 24; because pollen grains are haploid while endosperm has triploid chromosome number and integument is diploid in nature.

In porogamy, filiform apparatus of synergids secretes, some chemotropically active sunstances, which direct the pollen tube towards micropyle of ovule.

This type of tapetum can be seen easily in Alisma, Butomus, Tradescantia, and Typha, etc. The tapetal cells fuse among themselves for forming a tapetal plasmodium. The protoplast of the fused tapetal cells then moves into the locule, where they surround the pollen mother cells or pollen grains. This protoplast movement into the locule is taking place during meiotic prophase. 

Thus the correct answer is option D.

The pollen wall actually is the multi-layered structure that includes an intine, which is composed mainly of polysaccharide, and an exine, which consists mainly of sporopollenin. The exine can be further divided into the sexine and nexine. Sexine is the single layer of bacula which is covered by a layer of the tectum.

So the correct answer is C.

Abundant occurrence and preservation of the fossil pollen grains result from the extremely resistant nature of the outer wall of the pollen grains. This wall is the exine and composed of a compound commonly known as sporopollenin. It originates from the polymerization of carotenoids and carotenoid esters.

Thus the correct answer is B.