Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

Progenitor cells are ................. in nature.

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Oligopotent.

  2. Multipotent.

  3. Unipotent.

  4. None of the above.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Stem cells are found in all organisms and are capable of dividing to form new cells which can be differentiated into various types of specialised cells. The progenitor cells have the capability to differentiate into one type of cell. Due to this property, they are also known as unipotent stem cells. The pancreatic progenitor cells can from the cells in the pancreas. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

The stem cells obtained by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming are known as

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  1. Embryonic stem cells.

  2. Adult stem cells.

  3. Induced stem cells.

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Many mechanisms are used to obtain the stem cells. The somatic cells or the reproductive cells can be induced to form the stem cells using genetic reprogramming method. Reprogramming can be performed using the factors or proteins which induce the normal body cells to be stimulated to form stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are generally formed with the help of the induction mechanism. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

The accessible source for autologous adult stem cells in humans is

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  1. Adipose.

  2. Hepatic cell.

  3. Bone marrow.

  4. Both A and C.

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Correct Option: D

Amniotic fluid acts as a source of ............ cells at the time of childbirth.

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Stem.

  2. RBC.

  3. WBC.

  4. None of the above.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The amniotic fluid is present in the amniotic cavity in which the embryo develops. The amniotic fluid contains the stem cells. These cells can be checked by karyotyping for the presence of any chromosomal disorder. These stem cells are present till the childbirth because after birth, the structures are expelled out. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

A pericyte is a type of stem cell which mainly cures

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  1. Asthma.

  2. Muscular dystrophy.

  3. Leukemia.

  4. None of the above.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The pericytes are the stem cells which are found in the adult tissues. These cells are generally found in the outer layer of the blood vessels. These cells can be used for transplantation in the individual who suffers from muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder which results in weakening and wasting of the muscle tissues. The pericytes are the stem cells which can help in the production of the new muscle tissues.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

SCNT stands for

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  1. Somatic cell nuclear transduction.

  2. Somatic cell nuclear transfer.

  3. Somatic cell nutrient transfer.

  4. None of the above.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

SCNT stand for somatic cell nuclear transfer. It is a laboratory technique for creating an ovum with a donor nucleus. It can be used in embryonic stem cell research, or in regenerative medicine.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following term is used when transplanted cells do not begin producing new cells as planned?

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Graft failure

  2. Anemia

  3. Mucositis

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The stem cell transplantation is the method which can be used for the treatment of many disorders like cancer, genetic defects, etc. The main complication of this method is graft rejection by the host. The graft may contain antigens which act as a foreign body in the host. The antibodies are produced against this organ which results in the rejection and destruction of the organ in the host. The rejection is also referred as graft failure. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

The following are statements about stem cells:
a) There are unspecialised / undifferentiated cells.
b) They can be transformed into any type of body cell.
c) They can multiply rapidly to form a large number of similar types of cells.
d) They cannot transform into cardiac cells or nerve cells.
e) They are obtained from reproductive progeny only.
The correct statements are ______________:

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. a, b, c only

  2. c, d, e only

  3. a, c, e only

  4. b, c, e only

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Correct Option: A

Identify the wrong statement with respect to embryonic stem cells.

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. They are pluripotent.

  2. They are isolated from epiblast tissue of blastocyst.

  3. They cannot proliferate in culture medium.

  4. They can give rise to the three germination layers.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos. In human beings, they are derived from inner cell mass of 3 to 5 days old hollow microscopic ball of cells called blastocyst.

Blastocyst is isolated and transferred into a culture dish that contain a nutrient broth. In few days, cells of inner cell mass proliferate and begin spread over the surface of dish.
These proliferated stem cells are pleuripotent and referred to as embryonic stem line.
So, the correct answer is 'They cannot proliferate in culture medium'

Totipotency was first observed by 

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  1. Steward

  2. Guha and Maheswari

  3. Strasburger

  4. Haberlandt

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Totipotency refers to the ability of many cells to retain the full genetic potential characteristic of the mature organism from which any of the cells were obtained, and thus enable the cell to regenerate the organism’s tissues and organs under favorable conditions. The possibility of regenerating an entire plant from a single or few non-zygotic cells was proposed by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902. Haberlandt is popularly called the father of tissue culture.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.