Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

Amount of $O _2$ normally carried by 100 ml of pure blood, is

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. 40 ml

  2. 10 ml

  3. 20 ml

  4. 30 ml

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Oxygen is carried in the blood either in dissolved form or in association with  hemoglobin.
However, to calculate the concentration of oxygen transported in the blood, one need to understand the amount of oxygen carried by each gram of hemoglobin. In a saturated condition, one gram of hemoglobin  carries 1.34 ml of oxygen. Normally 100 ml of blood has  around 15 gm of hemoglobin in it.
Thus, the amount of oxygen carried in 100 ml of pure blood can be calculated as 15 * 1.34 ml = 20 ml

Cutaneous respiration takes place through

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Gills

  2. Lungs

  3. Skin

  4. Cell membrane

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cutaneous respiration or cutaneous gas exchange, is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs. Cutaneous respiration may be the sole method of gas exchange, or may accompany other forms, such as ventilation. Cutaneous respiration occurs in a wide variety of organisms, including insects, amphibians, fish, sea snakes, turtles, and to a lesser extent in mammals, including humans. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following features do all gas exchange have in common?

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. They are enclosed within ribs.

  2. They are maintained at constant temperature.

  3. The exchange surfaces are moist.

  4. They are exposed to air.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gas exchange and respiration are essential if cells are to stay active, grow and divide. All the structures for gas exchange have common as follows:

  • They have a large surface area relative to the volume of the organism. 
  • They are thin and so have a short diffusion pathway. 
  • They have a moist surface where gases can dissolve first before they diffuse in or out. 
  • They are able to maintain the diffusion gradient down which the gases can diffuse.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Full name of NADP is

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate

  2. Nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate

  3. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.

In respiration, temperature

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Increases

  2. Decreases

  3. Remains the same

  4. Fluctuates

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Respiration can be cellular and physiological. Cellular respiration takes place in individual cells while physiological respiration is a bulk process. Cellular respiration takes place through a set of metabolic reactions and in the cells which converts biochemical energy from the nutrients into ATP and releases wastes. These reactions are catabolic reactions that releases energy and heat in the process.

Pyruvic acid is converted into a compound before formation of oxaloacetic acid in the citric acid cycle, this compound is

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Acetyl COA

  2. Acetoacetic acid

  3. Lactic acid

  4. Cis aconitic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The end product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid. The next step is the formation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Acetyl CoA is the initiator of the citric acid cycle. In carbohydrate metabolism, acetyl CoA is the link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The initiating step of the citric acid cycle occurs when a four-carbon compound (oxaloacetic acid) condenses with acetyl CoA (2 carbons) to form a citric acid (6 carbons).

Ribs move out in during

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Inhalation

  2. Exhalation

  3. Coughing

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Relaxation of the diaphragm and the inter-costal muscles returns the diaphragm and sternum and ribs move into their normal positions and reduce the thoracic volume and thereby the pulmonary volume. 
  • This leads to an increase in intra-pulmonary pressure to slightly above the atmospheric pressure causing the expulsion of air from the lungs, i.e., expiration. Hence, ribs move out in during exhalation.
So, the correct answer is 'exhalation'.

Brown coloured respiratory pigment is?

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Chlorocruorin

  2. Pinnaglobin

  3. Haemocyanin

  4. Myoglobin

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Respiratory membrane consists of.

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. Alveolar wall and ducts

  2. Membrane of alveolar ducts and capillaries

  3. Inner and outer pleural membranes and pleural fluid

  4. Alveolar wall, alveolar capillary and interstitial space

Show answer
Correct Option: D

When we breathe in air, nitrogen also goes inside along with oxygen. What is the fate of this nitrogen?

zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

  1. It moves along with oxygen into the cells.

  2. It comes out with the $CO _{2}$ during exhalation.

  3. It is absorbed only by the nasal cells.

  4. Nitrogen concentration is already more in the cells so it is not at all absorbed.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Breathing is an act of ventilating a respiratory surface with air. Breathing is usually accomplished through muscular movements that can be divided into inspiration (intake of air ) and expiration (outflow of air). The composition of inhaled air is 20.94 % oxygen, 0.04 % carbon dioxide, 79.02 % nitrogen and trace gases. The composition of exhaled air is 16.49 % oxygen, 4.49 % carbon dioxide, 79.02 % nitrogen and other trace gases. The nitrogen is an inert gas, during breathing, there is no change in nitrogen percentage in inhaled as compared to exhaled air.