Tag: social science

Questions Related to social science

Which of the following is true regarding employment in India?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Rural workers constitute about three-fourths of workforce

  2. Men form the majority of workforce in India

  3. Women workers account for majority of the rural workforce

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
During 1999- 2000, India had about a 400 million strong workforce.The rural workers constitute about three-fourth of this 400 million. Men form the majority of workforce in India. Women workers account for one-third of the rural workforce whereas in urban areas, they are just one-fifth of the workforce.

Which of the following doest not determine supply of labour?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Size and age-structure of population

  2. Nature of work

  3. Marginal productivity of labour

  4. Speed and Intensity of work

Show answer
Correct Option: C

An employment situation where the marginal productivity of agricultural labour is zero is known as ___________.

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. structural unemployment

  2. seasonal unemployment

  3. cyclical unemployment

  4. disguised unemployment

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A situation in which available work tasks are split among resources (typically labour) such that they seem fully employed but in reality much of their time is spent in unproductive activities is called disguised unemployment. Here the marginal productivity of labour comes to zero. When aggregate demand for goods and services in the economy falls far below its capacity, a large chunk of labour force gets employed. This is known as cyclical unemployment. While structural unemployment means the change in the demand pattern for goods necessitates change in the demand pattern for labour. But labour force cannot immediately metamorphose, matching the change in demand pattern. Due to these conditions a state of unemployment occurs that is known as structural unemployment.

Why are there lesser women in the workforce?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Where men are able to earn high incomes, families discourage female members from taking up jobs

  2. Many activities for the household engaged in by women are not recognised as productive work

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Compared to females, more males are found to be working. This is because where men are able to earn high incomes, families discourage female members from taking up jobs. Many activities for the household engaged in by women are not recognised as productive work. This narrow definition of work leads to non-recognition of women’s work and, therefore, to the underestimation of the number of women workers in the country.

The gratuity of generally payable in _______________.

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Cash

  2. By demand draft

  3. By cheque

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which of the following is false?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Self-employed and casual wage labourers are found more in rural areas than in urban areas

  2. Men are engaged in salaried employment in greater proportion than women

  3. Casual wage work engages the least workforce

  4. Salaried employment engages the least workforce

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
When we compare the distribution of workforce in rural and urban areas we notice that the self-employed and casual wage labourers account for a total of 93% of the workforce in rural areas as compared to 60% in urban areas.
When it comes to regular salaried employment, men are found to be so engaged in greater proportion. They form 18 per cent whereas women form only 8 per cent of the workforce.
Casual wage labourers account for 33 per cent of India’s workforce. Regular salaried employees form 15% of the workforce, which is the least.

Why is worker-population ratio in urban areas low?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Urban people have a variety of employment opportunities

  2. They look for the appropriate job to suit their qualifications and skills

  3. In urban areas, a considerable section is able to study in various educational institutions

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
In urban areas, the worker-population ratio is about 34 whereas in rural India, the ratio is about 42. It is because in urban areas, a considerable section is able to study in various educational institutions. Urban people have a variety of employment opportunities. They look for the appropriate job to suit their qualifications and skills.

The difference in participation rates of male and female is _______ in urban areas than in rural areas.

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. higher

  2. lower

  3. both a and b

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Compared to females, more males are found to be working. The difference in participation rates is very large in urban areas: for every 100 urban females, only about 14 are engaged in some economic activities. In rural areas, for very 100 rural women about 30 participate in the employment market.

Majority of the workforce in India are  _____.

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. Casual workers

  2. Salaried employees

  3. Self-employed

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Workers who own and operate an enterprise to earn their livelihood are known as self employed. More than half the workforce in India belongs to this category.
Casual wage labourers account for 33 per cent of India’s workforce whereas regular salaried employees account for 15 per cent of India’s workforce.

Why is worker-population ratio higher in rural areas than that in urban areas?

social science employment: growth, informalisation and other issues employment - trends and structure workers and employment sources of income

  1. People in rural areas have limited resources to earn a higher income and participate more in the employment market

  2. People in rural areas discontinue education in the middle to join the workforce due poor financial conditions

  3. Rural people have a variety of employment opportunities

  4. Rural people look for the appropriate job to suit their qualifications and skills

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:
People in rural areas have limited resources to earn a higher income and participate more in the employment market. Many do not go to schools, colleges and other training institutions. Even if some go, they discontinue in the middle to join the workforce. 
Urban people have a variety of employment opportunities. They look for the  appropriate job to suit their qualifications and skills. In rural areas, people cannot stay at home as their economic condition may not allow them to do so.