Tag: civics

Swaraj Party was an Indian political party established in late 1922–early 1923 by members of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), notably Motilal Nehru and CR Das. They were among the pro changers who wanted to contest in the elections. Many candidates of the Swaraj Party got elected to the central legislative assembly and provincial legislative council in the 1923 elections where they opposed the unjust government policies.

The Khilafat movement was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement for Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. It had lost its relevance when Mustafa Kemal Ataturk had abolished the Caliphate.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. The movement was suspended in February 1922 on account of Chauri Chaura incident. In Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement. Gandhi discontinued the movement as the principle of ahimsa or nonviolence was violated.

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919. Gandhi organized a hartal, a form of protest through non-violence by stoppage of work and going on hunger strike.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. Another objective was the restoration of the old status of the Caliph. Lord Reading was the Viceroy during which the Non-cooperation Movement had reached climax and was abruptly withdrawn in 1922.

Non-cooperation movement was an attempt organized by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It involved boycott of foreign goods, surrendering all titles and honorary offices and resign from nominated seats in local bodies, etc. It was suddenly adjourned due to the violent Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was immediately followed by the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It was the incident in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. On 13 April 1919, thousands of people were gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer arrived there with armed troops and ordered  ruthless firing on the uninformed crowd. 

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the incident in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. On 13 April 1919, thousands of people were gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer arrived there with armed troops and ordered  ruthless firing on the uninformed crowd. Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in condemnation of the tragedy.