Tag: civics

 In 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.

Its value dropped from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. People also began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones.

In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in Awadh, talking to the villagers, and trying to understand their grievances. By October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.

At many places, merchants and traders refused to trade foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue to which Gandhiji lend his support.

At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, Gandhi convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj. Gandhi supported Khilafat movement so as to build unity among the Hindus and the Muslims.

Gandhi supported the Khilafat movement so as to bring unity between the Hindus and Muslims. Mahatma Gandhi was elected as President of the All - India Khilafat Committee in November 1919. He advised the Khilafat committee to adopt a policy of Non- Cooperation with the Government from August 1920 which is marked as start of Non-cooperation movement. 

It was one of Gandhi's first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience. It was started in August 1920 and was organized by Mahatma Gandhi to convince the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was called off in February 1922 due to Chauri Chaura incident which broke the non-violent character of the movement.

Non-cooperation movement was launched in the year 1920 against Rowlatt act that was passed in the year 1919 and lasted till 1922 when Gandhi had to suspend it after the Chauri Chaura incident.

They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the councils, argue for reform and also demonstrate that these councils were not truly democratic. C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.