Tag: basics of water pollution

Questions Related to basics of water pollution

During the primary treatment of sewage, solid particles that settle down are called

biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

  1. Flocs

  2. Primary sludge

  3. Activated sludge

  4. Anaerobic sludge

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Primary or physical treatment is the process of removal of small and large, floating and suspended solids from sewage through two processes of filtration and sedimentation. First floating and suspended matter is removed through sequential filtration with progressively smaller pore filters. The sediment is called primary sludge while the supernatant is called effluent. The primary sludge traps a lot of microbes and debris. It is subjected to composting, land fill or anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and manure. 

So, the correct answer is 'Primary sludge'.

Which of the following could be a substance found in waste water that floats on the top and is removed in the Primary Treatment of water?

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  1. Oil and grease

  2. Human faeces

  3. Hair

  4. Plastic

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation.
  • Human faeces, hair and plastic settle down at bottom while Oil and grease are immiscible in water and are found floating on top.
So, the correct option is 'Oil and grease'.

Read the following statements & about waste water treatment how many of them are correct

(i) In Primary treatment First, floating debris of waste is  removed by sequence filters
(ii) The Soil and small pebbles are removed by sedimentation in settling tanks
(iii)The sediment is called primary sludge and supernatant is effluent.
(iv) The Sludge is taken for Secondary treatment.
(v) Lower the B.O.D., higher Is water pollution.
(vi)When DDT enters the food chain then they reach water and are easily degradable.
(vii)Discharge of sewage water into river water will decrease its B.O.D.
(viii) Chlorine is added to disinfect drinking water

biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

  1. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  2. (i), (ii), (iii), (vii)

  3. (i), (ii) (iv), (v)

  4. (i),(iv),(v), (viii)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Treatment of wastewater is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage. 
  • This treatment is carried out in two stages: 
  1.  Primary treatment: These treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles large and small from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. Initially, floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) are removed by sedimentation. All solids that settle form the primary sludge and the supernatant forms the effluent. The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment.
  2. Secondary treatment or Biological treatment: The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks. 
  • Hence, (i) In Primary treatment First, floating debris of waste is removed by sequence filters (ii) The Soil and small pebbles are removed by sedimentation in settling tanks (iii)The sediment is called primary sludge and supernatant is affluent. (iv) The Sludge is taken for Secondary treatment following statements & about wastewater treatment are correct. 

  • So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)'.

Which of the following statements is correct ?

biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

  1. Activated sludge - sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria

  2. Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal feed

  3. Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle.

  4. Biogas, commonly called gobar gas, is pure methane.

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Permutit is the trade name of a mixture of?

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  1. Hydrated silicates of Ca and Mg

  2. Hydrated silicates of Al and Na

  3. Hydrated aluminates of Ca and No

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The permutit process is a process in where hard water containing such as Calcium is filtered through natural sand called the zeolite.
This is the hydrated silicate of Ca and Mg.
So, the correct option is 'Hydrated silicates of Ca and Mg'

Which of the following is correct for sewage discharge in river?

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  1. At the discharge point B.O.D is high and fishes die

  2. At the discharge point D.O. is high

  3. B.O.D increase downstream ion river

  4. From the discharge 50 KM away, Fishes ,die

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Select the correct statement from the following.

biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

  1. Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria

  2. Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste

  3. Methano bacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle

  4. Biogas, commonly called as global gas, is pure methane

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

1. The effluent from aeration tank is passed into a settling tank where the aerobic bacterial ‘flocs’ are allowed to sediment and the sediment is called activated sludge.

2. Biogas is produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on activated sludge.
3. Methano bacterium is an anaerobic bacteria found in rumen of cattle.
4. Biogas is a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.
So, the correct option is 'Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria'.

Tertiary treatment of sewage is also known as

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  1. Advance Treatment

  2. Preliminary Treatment

  3. Secondary Treatment

  4. Primary Treatment

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Correct Option: A

Secondary treatment reduces bacterial load, ranges from

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  1. 90-100%

  2. 80-98%

  3. 40-60%

  4. 10-30%

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Measurement of the rate of oxygen utilization by a unit volume of water over a period of time is to measure

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  1. Biochemical oxygen demand

  2. Biosynthetic pathway

  3. Biogas generation

  4. Fermentation

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
  • BOD is an important water quality parameter because it provides an index to assess the effect discharged wastewater will have on the receiving environment. The higher the BOD value, the greater the amount of organic matter or “food” available for oxygen-consuming bacteria.
  • Hence Measurement of the rate of oxygen utilization by a unit volume of water over a period of time is to measure Biochemical oxygen demand.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Biochemical oxygen demand'.