Tag: biotechnology and its applications

Questions Related to biotechnology and its applications

Identify the wrong statement with respect to embryonic stem cells.

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. They are pluripotent.

  2. They are isolated from epiblast tissue of blastocyst.

  3. They cannot proliferate in culture medium.

  4. They can give rise to the three germination layers.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos. In human beings, they are derived from inner cell mass of 3 to 5 days old hollow microscopic ball of cells called blastocyst.

Blastocyst is isolated and transferred into a culture dish that contain a nutrient broth. In few days, cells of inner cell mass proliferate and begin spread over the surface of dish.
These proliferated stem cells are pleuripotent and referred to as embryonic stem line.
So, the correct answer is 'They cannot proliferate in culture medium'

Totipotency was first observed by 

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  1. Steward

  2. Guha and Maheswari

  3. Strasburger

  4. Haberlandt

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Totipotency refers to the ability of many cells to retain the full genetic potential characteristic of the mature organism from which any of the cells were obtained, and thus enable the cell to regenerate the organism’s tissues and organs under favorable conditions. The possibility of regenerating an entire plant from a single or few non-zygotic cells was proposed by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902. Haberlandt is popularly called the father of tissue culture.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following is an oligopotent stem cell?

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Lymphoid cells

  2. Satellite cell

  3. Hemopoietic cell

  4. Both A and C

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Correct Option: D

Cord blood is the sample of blood taken from the

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Placenta.

  2. Umbilical cord.

  3. Urethra.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Stem cells are found in all organisms and are capable of dividing to form new cells which can be differentiated into various types of specialised cells. The umbilical cord is the structure which attaches the fetus with the placenta in the maternal womb. The cord blood is the sample of blood which is collected from the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord contains the embryonic stem cells which can use for the treatment of disorders during the life of an individual and so, they are preserved. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.  

Which of the following has reported success in re-growing cochlea hair cells with the use of embryonic stem cells?

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. James E. Till

  2. Heller

  3. Eva Engvall

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The technique in which the stem cells are transplanted from donor into the patient for production of the new cells is known as the stem cell therapy. Heller was the scientist who performed experiments on the hair cells in the cochlea. The damaged hair cells were transplanted with the embryonic stem cells. The damaged cells showed growth and differentiated to form the hair cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

In syngeneic stem cell transplant, the stem cells are obtained by

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  1. From the individual itself.

  2. From a donor.

  3. From the identical twin.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are different types of transplantations in which the donor from which the stem cells are received differs. In the case of the syngeneic stem cell transplantation, the stem cells are obtained from the identical twin. There are very fewer chances of graft versus host reaction and rejection in these type of transplantation.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Which of the following is considered as a complication of stem cell transplantation?

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. Graft-versus-host disease

  2. Down syndrome

  3. Huntington's disease

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The stem cell transplantation is the method which can be used for the treatment of many disorders like cancer, genetic defects, etc. The main complication of this method is graft rejection by the host. The graft may contain antigens which act as a foreign body in the host. The antibodies are produced against this organ which results in the rejection and destruction of the organ in the host. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Cellular totipotency was for the first time demonstrated by

zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

  1. F. C. Steward

  2. P. Maheshwari

  3. W. H. Muir

  4. Y. P. S. Bajaj

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Totipotency was first demonstrated by Steward and Reinert in the 1950s. Professor F. C. Steward discovered and laid the foundation for plant tissue culture; genetic engineering and plant biotechnology of food crops or trees.

The transgenic animals are those which have 

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  1. Foreign RNA in all its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  3. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  4. Both A and C

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Transgenic organism is one that has become transformed following the introduction of novel genes into its genome. It is most frequently achieved by integration of doned DNA sequences following their injection into the fertilised egg. This fertilised egg divides mitotically to form the whole organism so that all the cells of the organism will carry the transferred genes. The transferred genes are known as transgenes.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'.

Given are names of some transgenic animals. Identify the name of transgenic sheep.

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. Rosie

  2. Dogie

  3. Tracy

  4. ANDI

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Correct Option: C