Tag: endocrine system in humans

Questions Related to endocrine system in humans

Which of the following best describes hormones?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them.

  2. Hormones are stable, long-lasting chemicals released from gland.

  3. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.

  4. All hormones are lipid-soluble.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A hormone is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or an organ of the body exhibiting an endocrine function. The blood carries the hormone to every cell in the body, but only the target cells for a given hormone can respond to it. Thus Hormones are stable, long lasting chemicals released from glands.

Which of the following is not necessarily a property of all hormones?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Information carrying

  2. Secreted in low amounts

  3. Short half-life

  4. Protein in nature

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones. They are biochemical messengers, secreted in very low amounts with considerably small half - life.

I am secretions of endocrine glands. Chemically I maybe steroids, proteins or amino acid derivatives. I am transported by blood to the reaction site. I may accelerate or inhibit specific activity. My action may be slow or quick
Who am I?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Hormone

  2. Digestive juice

  3. Enzyme

  4. Water

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism by glands and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Hormones may be

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Steriods

  2. Peptides

  3. Amino acid derivatives

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol. They are in the form of lipids. For example, aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone etc.
B. Peptide hormones are the proteinaceous hormones. For example, insulin, glucagon, relaxin etc.
C. Amino acid derivatives are the hormones that contain amino acids. For example, thyroxine secreted from thyroid gland contains tyrosine amino acid.
Hence, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Hypersecretion of GH from pituitary in the adult causes a
disease called

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Gigantism

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. Addison's disease

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hypersecretion of growth hormones or catastrophic hormone during adulthood causes acromegaly. Acromegaly patient has a gorilla like appearance with huge hands and legs.

An organ where a hormone shows its effect is called

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Effector

  2. Target

  3. Initiator

  4. Terminator

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands in the blood from where they are carried to their target organs. The target organs are the organs where these hormones act and show their effect. Target organs have receptors for specific hormones where the hormones bind and cause changes in the functioning and regulation of that particular target organ. On the other hand, the organs which respond to any nerve stimulus are called effector organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Target'.

Hormone term was coined in 1905 by

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. E.H. Starling

  2. G.W. Harris

  3. E.H. Schally

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  •  E.H. Starling in 1905 discovered a signalling molecule or chemical secretin, from pancreatic secretions and named this signalling molecule as hormone.
  •  G.W. Harris is known as the father of neuroendocrinology. He worked on the neural control of endocrine system
So, the correct answer is 'E.H. Starling'.

Which of the following hormones regulate growth and metarnorphosis in insect?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Juvenile hormone

  2. Brain hormone

  3. Ecdysone

  4. Prothoracicotropic

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Insulin

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Glucagon

  4. Thyroxine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A.Insulin – hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

B.Adrenaline – hormone increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).

C.Glucagon - The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of insulin (and indirectly glucose) in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. High blood-glucose levels, on the other hand, stimulate the release of insulin.

D.Thyroxine - It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.

So, the correct option is ‘Insulin’.

In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. progesterones

  2. milk

  3. mucus in the digestive tract

  4. digestive enzymes in the small intestine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
(A) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures which store milk) and milk secretion.
(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Mucus in the digestive tract helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.
(D) Digestive enzymes in small intestine such as chymotrypsinogen, amylases, lipases, and nucleases. Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin, which in turn activates the other enzymes in the pancreatic juice.
So the correct option is milk.