Tag: diseases and immunity

Symptoms of active TB can depend on what part of the body has been infected. If active TB occurs in the lungs, the symptoms can include a cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, breathing difficulty, weight loss, cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, and fatigue. TB can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

The most common type of TB in children is pulmonary TB. In about 70 -80% of the children affected by TB, it is pulmonary TB. The rest 20% is non-pulmonary TB. The source of infection for children getting pulmonary TB is inhalation of TB bacteria which generally settles in lungs.

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. BCG vaccine is given for protection against tuberculosis as a preventive measure. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent for the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. Ethambutol is used to treat active TB infection along with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. 

The organisms or agents which are responsible for the development of a disease or any infection is known as a pathogen. The ability of the organism to cause disease is pathogenicity. The microbes like the virsues, bacteria, and fungi are known as the pathogens which cause a certain type of infection. 

AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is an infection which is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The causative agent of the disease is a virus and so the disease can spread from one person to the other by sexual contact. 

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. This bacteria is usually found in food or water contaminated by feces of an infected person. This is most likely to happen when sewage water mixes with a source of drinking water. Drinking water after boiling helps to prevent this infection. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Pollutants are the harmful oxides or chemicals which degrade the quality of the environment and causes pollution. 

Rabies is an overwhelming encephalomyelitis and includes severe headache and high fever with excitement and depression. This disease occurs by a virus called Rhabdovirus.

Rabies is a viral infection that mainly spreads through a bite from an infected animal. It is an RNA virus of the rhabdovirus family.Once inside the nervous system, the virus produces acute inflammatiom of the brain. Coma and death soon follows. Encephelitus Rabies:This occurs in 80% of human cases. The person is more likely to experience hyperactivity and "hydrophobia".

Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. Other symptoms include violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Rabies virus is typically transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mammal, often a carnivore or a bat.