Tag: social movements

• Joint forest management is originated in West Bengal accidentally in 1971. According to this policy, there exists partnership between state and local communities in safeguarding forests.
  
• Forests are protected from illegal harvesting and exporting of timber. Forests are also protected from fire and grazing, in exchange, people get non-timber products and a share of revenue from the sale of timber.
  

Arhus convention which provided right to access information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters took place in Denmark. This was signed on 25 June 1998. 

Ecology is the branch of science dealing with the relation between organisms and surrounding environment.

It is always necessary to maintain ecological balance for sustainable development. Over exploitation and mismanagement of water resources will impoverish this resource and cause ecological crisis that may have profound impact on our lives.

Based on the object possessing life or not, the objects are classified as biotic and abiotic.

Abiotic: these are the objects that do not possess life. Among the given options only plants are included under biotic category and rest which includes air, water and soil belong to abiotic objects.

• Sustainable development is the process of utilizing natural resources for human development without completely depleting them but by sustaining the ability of nature to continue to provide its resources.
  
• Equity is the central ethical principle behind sustainable development. Equity here means everyone should have equal access to community resources and opportunities.
  

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is called sustainable development. Sustainable development is the process of utilising natural resources for human development without completely depleting them but by sustaining the ability of nature to continue to provide its resources.

The Chipko movement or chipko andolan was primarily a forest conservation movement in India that began in 1973 and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world; it created a precedent for non-violent protest started in India.

Based on the object possessing life or not, the objects are classified as biotic and abiotic.

Biotic: These are living organisms that possess life and carry on metabolism accordingly. Biotic environment includes:

• Producers prepare food by themselves like plants.
  
• Consumers feed on plants and other organisms like herbivores, carnivores etc.
  
• Decomposers convert dead and decayed matter into simpler organic matter. Examples are microorganisms.
  

Stockholm Declaration and Rio Declaration show the link between human rights and the environment.

• Stockholm Declaration was adopted June 16, 1972, by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. In the declaration, the nations agreed to accept responsibility for any environmental effects caused by their actions.
  
• Rio Declaration on Environment and Development emphasizes the need to integrate environment and development in order to achieve sustainable development.
  

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development emphasizes the need to integrate environment and development in order to achieve sustainable development. Sustainable development is the process of utilising natural resources for human development without completely depleting them but by sustaining the ability of nature to continue to provide its resources.