Tag: characteristics of vertebrates

Questions Related to characteristics of vertebrates

Petromyzon and Myxine are not regarded as true fishes, because

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. They lack unpaired fins

  2. They have circular mouth

  3. In them operculum is absent

  4. There is absence of paired fins and jaws

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Myxine is a genus of hagfish, which are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. 
Petromyzon is a parasitic lamprey found in the northern Atlantic ocean along shores of Antartica and North America, in the western Mediterranean sea and in the shores of the Great lakes. It is brown, gray, or black on its back and white or gray on the underside and can grow up to 90 cm long. 

These animals are the only living representatives of ancient creatures. They also lack jaws.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Ammocoete larva belongs to 

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Petromyzon

  2. Myxine

  3. Amphioxus

  4. Balanoglossus

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ammocoete larva is the larval stage of the primitive jawless fish, called as the lamprey or Petromyzon. Adult lampreys spawn in rivers and then die. The young larvae, ammocoetes, spend several years in the rivers, where they live burrowed in fine sediment, filter feeding on detritus and microorganisms. Then, ammocoetes undergo a metamorphosis lasting several months. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Match the name of the animal (Column I), with one characteristics (Column II), and the phylum/class (column III) to which it belongs :

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Column I : Petromyzon, Column II : ectoparasite, Column III : Cyclostomata

  2. Column I : Ichthyophis, Column II : terrestrial, Column III : Reptilia

  3. Column I : Limulus, Column II : body covered by chitinous exoskeleton, Column III : Pisces

  4. Column I : Adamsia, Column II : radially symmetrical, Column III : Porifera

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
L imulus belongs to phylum Arthropoda. Adamsia belongs to phylum Coelenterata. Petromyzon (lamprey) (cyclostomata) is a sanguivorous ectoparasite of larger fishes. Ichthyophis is a limbless amphibian and belongs to class Amphibia.

So, the correct answer is 'A'.

Which of the following classes doesn't belong to the superclass Agnatha?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Ostracoderm

  2. Cyclostomata

  3. Placodermi

  4. Chondrictheyes

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Correct Option: C,D
Explanation:
  • Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish i.e these animals have no jaws.
  • They come under the phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata and includes the Cyclostomes and extinct Ostracoderm species.
  • Placodermi is a class of armoured prehistoric fish having plated skin belonging to the superclass Gnathostomata (having jaws).
  • Chondrichthyes is a class which contains cartilaginous fishes and belong to the superclass Gnathostomata.
  • So the correct answer is 'Placodermi and Chondrichthyes'.

In which of the following animal only one single median nostril is present?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Salamander

  2. Petromyzon

  3. Labeo

  4. Rana

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Petromyzon or Lamprey is an example of jawless fish belonging to class- Cyclostomata. They have one nostril on the top of their head.
Salamander, Lobeo and Rana have 2 nostrils.
So, the correct option is 'Petromyzon'.

Which of the following is a circular mouthed fish?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Myxine

  2. Torpedo

  3. Trygon

  4. Scoliodon

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Cyclostomata is a group of jawless living fishes which belong to the superclass Agnatha.
  • Eg- the lampreys and hagfishes.
  • The name Cyclostomata means circular mouths.
A. Myxine is a genus of hagfish.
B. Torpedo is a flattened cartilaginous fish which is also known as electric fish.
C. Trygon is a cartilaginous fish which is also known as stingfish.
D, Scoliodon is cartilaginous fish which is also known as dogfish.
  • All the cartilaginous fishes belong to Gnathostomata i.e they have jaws.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Myxine'.

The notochord is present throughout the life in organisms belonging to which of the following group?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Agnatha

  2. Cephalochordata

  3. Urochordata

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cephalochordates are a group of organisms in which the notochord extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life. Agnatha is a group of vertebrates that lacks jaw and notochord is present in both larvae and adult forms. While in Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults.

In Urochordata, the notochord is present only in the larval tail. 
So, the correct option is 'Agnatha and Cephalochordata'.

What is the fate of notochord in an adult organism which belongs to Gnathostomata?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Notochord extincts

  2. Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column

  3. Notochord becomes vestigial

  4. Notochord continues same as in larval stage

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Phylum Chordata can be divided into two categories:-
1) Protochordata- The notochord is present in the larval stage of these animals and it is rudimentary in adults.
2) Vertebrata- The notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults.
  • Gnathostomata is a superclass which includes jawed vertebrate fishes.
  • They come under the subphylum vertebrata i.e the notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column'.

In which of the following haemocyanin pigment is found?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Armada

  2. Echinodermata

  3. Insecta

  4. Lower invertebrates

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Correct Option: A

Which among the following is the lowest grade vertebrate?

biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

  1. Agnatha

  2. Cyclostomata

  3. Echinodermates

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fishes in the phylum Chordata. These are ectothermic, meaning they do not regulate their own body temperature. They show slow metabolism in cold water. They do not have a proper stomach rather they have a long homogenous gut. They are lowest grade vertebrates. The notochord is persistent in them. 

Cyclostomata is a group of chordates that comprises the living jawless fishes - the lampreys and hagfishes. These fishes are a parasite as well as scavengers. The body is long, then tubular and tail is flat. They are also known as false fish.
So, the correct answer is option D.