Tag: blood and organ donation

B$^{+}$ blood group contain antibody-A and type B antigen. A person with blood group B$^{+}$ can receive blood from B$^{-}$ as due to the presence of same type of antigen in them, there won't be any transfusion reactions. While O$^{+}$ blood group does not contain any type of antibody. 

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood into one's circulation intravenously. Antigens are present on the surface of red blood corpuscles, while antibodies are present in the plasma of the blood, for e.g., people with blood group A have surface antigen A on their RBC's and antibodies to antigen B in their plasma. So, when RBC's are donated, transfer of antibodies doesn't take place. But as the RBC's of the donor have a surface antigen, it should be ensured that recipient's serum should not contain antibodies against the antigen on red blood corpuscles of the donor. Otherwise, if transfusion is made between incompatible donor and recipient, the reaction between antigens on the RBC (from the donor) and antibodies in the plasma (of the recipient) will produce clots and clog capillaries. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Rhesus (Rh) factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If blood lacks the protein called as Rh negative and if present, called as Rh positive . Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having a Rh negative blood type is not an illness and usually, does not affect health. It should be tested before blood transfusion because it can harm the blood cell and other organs due incompatibility of blood. Thus, option A is correct.

• In Xenotransplantation, Xenos means foreign or strange.
•  It is also called a Heterologous transplant.
•  In xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.
•  Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants. Hence, Xenograft is a graft Between individuals of different species. 

The maximum similarity in physiology is between twins as they arose from the same conditions and cell arrangement within the womb of the mother.

• Transplantation of cells, tissue grafting or organ transplant in between the genetically nonidentical individuals of the same species is called as allotransplant or Allograft.  
• A graft is the transplantation of an organ or tissue to a different location, with the goal of replacing a missing or damaged organ or tissue. 
• Grafts are typically moved without their attachments to the circulatory system and must reestablish these, in addition to the other connections and interactions with their new surrounding tissues. 

the mast cells of injured tissue secrete histamine, which causes the surrounding blood vessels to dilate and increase the permeability. It gives local immune response and act as neurotransmitter.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

A- Allogenic transplant takes place between genetically different members of same species. Immunosuppressant drugs are used to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which is the result of an intricate immune response following allogeneic stimuli due to allogenic transplant.

Christiaan Neethling Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant on 3 December 1967 and known as father of heart transplantation. 

The vital organs of a brain dead person such as heart, liver, eyes, kidneys can be kept viable for few days if supported by artificial support.