Tag: dna fingerprinting

Questions Related to dna fingerprinting

The technique of DNA finger printing relies on

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  1. Repetitive DNA

  2. Minisatellite DNA

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: C

Assertion : Thermographic imaging is a unique technique.

Reason : Thermographic imaging has some relation with DNA finger printing. 

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  1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

  2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

  3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

  4. If the assertion and reason both are false.

  5. If assertion is false but reason is true.

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Correct Option: B

For DNA fingerprinting to associate a blood sample with the criminal, what is minimally required

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  1. One sample of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis

  2. One sample of DNA, restriction enzymes, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis

  3. Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis

  4. Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and a DNA synthesizer

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Two samples of DNA are required, one from the site of crime while another from the suspected criminal. These both samples of DNA are matched by DNA fingerprinting which involves identifying patterns of DNA known as a variable number of tandem repeats. PCR amplification is used to amplify DNA segments and restriction enzymes for cutting of DNA segments. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate these cut DNA segments based on their size. 

So, the correct option is 'Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis'.

Arrange the various steps of DNA fingerprinting technique in the correct order
(i) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis
(ii) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases
(iii) Hybridization using labeled VNTR probe
(iv) Isolation of DNA
(v) Detection of hybridized DNA fragments by autoradiography
(vi) Transferring the separated DNA fragments to nitrocellulose membrane

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  1. (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  2. (iv) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  3. (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  4. (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (vi)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The technique of DNA Fingerprinting was initially developed by Alec Jeffreys. It included : -
  1.  isolation of DNA,
  2.  digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases,
  3.  separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis,
  4. transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon, 
  5. hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe, and
  6. detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography.
So, the correct option is '(iii) → (v) → (iv) → (ii) → (i) → (vi)'.

Fill up the blanks and select the correct option.
(i) EcoRI cuts the DNA between bases ___ only ____ when the sequence __  is present in the DNA.
(ii) Disruption of the cell membranes can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells with enzymes respectively _, ____ and .
(iii) Since DNA has a _ charge, it moves towards the ____ of the electrophoretic chamber.

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  1. (i) G A, GAATTC (ii) endonuclease, cellulase, chitinase (iii) negative, anode

  2. (i) G A, GAATTC (ii) lysozyme, cellulase, chitinase (iii) positive, cathode

  3. (i) G A, GAATTC (ii) lysozyme, cellulase, chitinase negative/anode

  4. (i) G A, GAAATC (ii) lysozyme, cellulase, chitinase (iii) positive, cathode

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • EcoRI cuts the DNA between bases G and A only when the sequence GAATTC is present in the DNA.
  • Disruption of the cell membranes can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells with enzymes lysozyme, cellulase and chitinases respectively.
  • Since DNA has a negative charge , it moves towards the anode of the electrophoretic chamber.
So, the correct option is 'Option C' .

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

Column I(Scientists) Column II(Discoveries)
A. Alec Jeffreys (i) Lac operon
B. F. Sanger (ii) Annotated DNA sequences
C. Jacob and Monod (iii) DNA fingerprinting
D. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (iv) Transforming principle
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  1. A - (ii), B - (iii), C - (iv), D - (i)

  2. A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iv)

  3. A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)

  4. A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv)

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Alec Jeffreys  is a British geneticist, who developed techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. F.Sanger developed the Sanger dideoxy method of sequencing DNA and also is credited for the sequencing of fragments of automated DNA sequences called annotated DNA sequences. This was very helpful for the human genome project that could sequence the entire genetic makeup of the human being.  In 1961, Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod proposed the operon model of gene regulation in bacteria. The model was based on their study of the genes in E. coli that code for enzymes that affect the breakdown of lactose also called the Lac Operon. Avery, MacLeod and McCarty experimentally proved that DNA is the substance or the genetic material that causes transformation in bacteria. 

So, the correct option is 'A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iv)'.

DNA fingerprinting can't be performed without 

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  1. Restriction endonucleases

  2. Agarose

  3. Monoclonal antibodies

  4. Both (a) and (b)

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Correct Option: A

Which of the following is not associated with DNA fingerprinting?

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  1. Southern blotting

  2. Gel electrophoresis

  3. Restriction digestion

  4. DNA sequencing

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Correct Option: A

A biotechnological process that has found a significant application in the field of forensic science is

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  1. Recombination DNA technology

  2. Tissue culture

  3. DNA fingerprint technology

  4. Genetic engineering

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • DNA fingerprinting also called DNA typing, DNA profiling, genetic fingerprinting, genotyping, or identity testing, in genetics is a method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). 
  • DNA fingerprinting is currently used both for identifying paternity or maternity and for identifying criminals or victims.

VNTR is employed for

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  1. Protoplasm culture

  2. DNA finger printing

  3. Regulation of plant growth hormones

  4. Enhancing photosynthesis in desert plant

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) refers to the presence of a short nucleotide sequence as a tandem repeat on many chromosomes; it exhibits variations in length and number of repeats between individuals. VNTR are 10-100 bp long. This DNA polymorphism is revealed during DNA finger printing in creating DNA profile of individuals. For the purpose, restriction enzyme digested DNA samples are sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. Finally, radioactive probes are washed over the nylon surface to allow their joining to any DNA fragments of the same composition; option B is correct.  

Protoplasm culture is the fusion of protoplasm of two different species /individuals to bring their traits together in the hybrid. 
Plant growth hormones are the natural as well as artificially synthesized chemicals that control plant growth and development. Genes for abiotic stress tolerance factors such as glycine betaine are cloned in desert plants to increase their photosynthetic capacity by enhancing their tolerance for abiotic stress. The correct answer is B.