Tag: rocks and minerals

Questions Related to rocks and minerals

Major source of propylene in a refinery is:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. visbreaking

  2. iso cracking process

  3. fluidised bed catalytic cracking

  4. catalytic reforming

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Propylene is often referred to as the crown prince of petrochemicals. Propylene is a byproduct of steam crackers and the varying amount of olefins is produced from steam crackers depending on the type of feedstock. Other sources of propylene may be the recovery of propylene from FCC light ends, Propane dehydrogenation and fluidized bed catalytic cracking.

As per the EuroIII norms for gasoline the benzene content should be:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. 1%

  2. 2%

  3. 3%

  4. 4%

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bharat stage emission standard is an emission standard institute which is governed by the government of India to regulate the air pollutants from internal combustion engines or vehicle motors.Bharat Stage III norms or Euro III norms were enforced in October 2010 all over the country. According to this benzene content in gasoline should be 1%.

Which of the following is true from given statements?

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. use of steam reduces the selectivity towards higher olefin production

  2. increase tube diameter increases the yield of propylene

  3. use of steam increases the selectivity towards higher olefin production

  4. increase tube diameter increases the yield of ethyne

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Use of steam increases the selectively towards higher olefin production.
The two most common petrochemical classes are olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene, toluene and xylene isomers). Oil refineries produce olefins and aromatics by fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions. Chemical plants produce olefins by steam cracking of natural gas liquids like ethane and propane. Aromatics are produced by catalytic reforming of naphtha. Olefins and aromatics are the building blocks for a wide range of materials such as solvents, detergents, and adhesives. Olefins are the basis for polymers and oligomers used in plastics, resins, fibres, elastomers, lubricants, and gels.

Which of the following statements is true if fuel has high aniline point?

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. Fuel has low paraffin

  2. Fuel has high diesel index

  3. Fuel has high aromatics

  4. Fuel has low diesel index

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Aniline point is the lowest temperature at which equal volumes of fresh aniline and an oil are completely miscible. Higher the aniline point, higher is the diesel index. Diesel index indicates the ignition quality of the fuel. 

Steam consumption in steam cracker plant is high in case of:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. gas oil

  2. propane

  3. napthalene

  4. ethane

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In petroleum chemistry, Steam cracker plant is a process by which complex organic molecules are broken down to the simpler molecules using steam. Here, the cracking is done by using steam. Ethane cracking consumes the maximum amount of steam.

In a case of catalytic reforming dehydration of naphthenes to aromatics is:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. favoured by a decrease in temperature and decrease in pressure

  2. favoured by an increase in temperature and increase in pressure

  3. favoured by an increase in temperature and decrease in pressure

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In catalytic reforming process, high octane number reformate is formed which is the main component of the motor, fuel, aviation gasoline or aromatic rich feedstock. Favourable Conditions for the reaction are High temperature, Low pressure and low space velocity.

The RON/MON values of $n$-heptane is:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. $0$

  2. $100$

  3. $1000$

  4. $50$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Octane number can be determined by RON, MON and AKI. The most common method used for the measurement is RON. RON is determined by running the fuel in a test engine and comparing the results with those for mixtures of iso- octane and $n$- heptane. The RON/MON value for $n$- heptane is 0.

Which of the following is a measurement method for octane number?

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. Research octane number (RON)

  2. Motor octane number (MON)

  3. Anti-knock index (AKI)

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Octane number can be determined by all the three methods. The most common method used for the measurement is RON. RON is determined by running the fuel in a test engine and comparing the results with those for mixtures of iso-octane and $n$-heptane.

Anti-knock index (AKI) is the:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. geometric mean of RON and MON

  2. arithmetic mean of RON and MON

  3. harmonic mean of RON and MON

  4. none of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Octane number can be determined by RON, MON and AKI. The most common method used for the measurement is RON. AKI is the arithmetic mean of RON and MON. 

It is given by : $\frac{R+M}{2}$. 
It is sometimes called as posted octane number.

With increase in octane number:

chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

  1. cetane number decreases

  2. activation energy increases

  3. both A & B

  4. neither A nor B

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Higher is the octane number higher is the activation energies. Activation energy is the amount of energy required to initiate combustion. 

Cetane number is the fuel's eagerness to ignite from the heat created in the bore from the compression of the air. Higher is the cetane number lower is the octane number.