Tag: tissue culture

Questions Related to tissue culture

Callus is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Tissue that forms embryo

  2. An insoluble carbohydrate

  3. Tissue that grows to form embryoid

  4. Unorganised actively dividing mass of cells maintained in culture

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Callus is unorganized actively dividing the mass of cells maintained in culture. It has a meristematic cell which has ample amount of cytoplasm to trigger cell division. It is treated with the growth hormones to allow the cell division and differentiation. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Famous embryologist of India who also advanced the science of morphology and tissue culture in India is?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. P. Maheshwari

  2. T. S. Sadasivan

  3. Swaminathan

  4. Ramdas

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Who developed the technique of nurse tissue to show cellular totipotency

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. Steward

  3. Muir

  4. Konar

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce an entire plant. A single cell can produce all cell types and organises them into an entire organism.

The basis of tissue culture is to grow a large number of cells in a sterile controlled environment. The plant cells are allowed to grow in culture medium containing mineral nutrient, vitamins and hormones to encourage cell division and growth. As a result cells in culture will produce an unorganised proliferative mass of cells which is known as callus tissue.
Plant cells can be cultured from isolated single plant cell on the top of the actively growing callus ( nurse tissue ) separated by a piece of filter paper. The filter paper serves to prevent tissue union but allows the flow of essential nutrients from the nurse to the isolated cells. The technique has been developed by Muir e.t. al in 1954. The single cell is isolated from, suspension cultures or friable callus with the help of a micropipette, or from the intact plant tissue  ( root, stem, leaf etc. )
Single cell culture is important for cell cloning, crop improvement programmes, the study of biotransformation etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Who could grow tomato roots successfully and develop the technique of tissue culture for the first time?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. P.R. White

  3. W.H. Muir

  4. F.C. Steward

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
P.R White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is 'P.R. White'

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Cycas revoluta.

  2. Cocos nucifera.

  3. Pinus roxburghii.

  4. Borassus flabellifera.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is obtained from the Cocos nucifera. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.

Cytokinins are the group of plant hormones which promotes cell division and differentiation in root and stem of the plant. It is involved in inducing morphogenesis. Auxin and cytokinin are used in equal quantity in the growth media of callus it promotes shoot and root formation and finally leads to organogenesis. 
So, the correct answer is option B.

Through which technique more female plants can be produced in papaya ___________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Polyploid breeding

  3. Spraying ethephon

  4. Tissue culture

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Callus is _____________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Tissue that forms embryo

  2. An insoluble carbohydrate

  3. Tissue that grows to from embryoid

  4. Unorganised actively dividing mass of cells maintained in culture

Show answer
Correct Option: D

A totipotent cell means ________________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into a system or entire plant

  2. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into an organ

  3. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into complete embryo

  4. Cell which lacks the capability to differentiate into an organ or system.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A totipotent cell means an undifferentiated cell capable of developing into a system or entire plant.

The structure employed by White for first successful tissue culture was ____________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Root of Carrot

  2. Root of Tomato

  3. Leaf cells

  4. Apical meristem.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency.

Plant medium used widely in preparation of culture medium is got from ____________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Cycas revoluta

  2. Cocos nucifera

  3. Pinus roxburghii

  4. Borassus flabellifera

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option $B$ is correct.

Plant medium used widely in the preparation of culture medium is got from Cocos nucifera milk of coconut or coconut water is widely used for culture preparation as it contains several growth substances and can be extracted easily. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. Cytokinins promote cell division and induce morphogenesis. The first natural cytokinin known as zeatin was obtained from the coconut plant.