Tag: industrial chemicals and their harmful effects

Questions Related to industrial chemicals and their harmful effects

To which class of pesticides do DDT, BHC, aldrin and endosulphan belong?

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Carbamates

  2. Organophosphates

  3. Organochlorines

  4. Biopesticides

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Organochlorines are very slowly decomposing chlorinated organic compounds, which are lipophilic (show much affinity for the fatty tissue of animals). Examples of Organochlorines are DDT, BHC, Aldrin, Endosulphan etc. So, the correct option "C" (Organochlorines).

Trichoderma is known 


a. To have no adverse effect on crop plants.
b. To be a broad spectrum pesticide.
c. As free living fungi in symbiotic association with roots.
d. To be applied as spray on Brassica leaves.

Select the correct statement.

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. a, b, & d

  2. a, b & c

  3. a & b

  4. a & c

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Trichoderma is the most prevalent culturable soil dwelling fungi. It has no adverse effect on crop plants.
  • It is used as bio fungicide and control agent for bacteria and fungi. Hence, it is a broad spectrum pesticide.
  • It forms symbiotic association with the roots of the plants and is not found free living in the soil.
  • The dried spores of Trichoderma are sprayed on Brassica leaves to kill Alternaria that causes blight of mustard.
Hence, statements a, b and d are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'a,b and d'.

The third generation pesticide amongst the following is

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. JH analogues

  2. Pheromones

  3. Insect propellants

  4. Pathogens

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Third generation pesticide is defined as biodegradable, water soluble pesticide, which are more toxic.
Analogues of the juvenile hormone (JH) are used as an insecticide, preventing the larvae from developing into adult insects. JH itself is expensive to synthesize and is unstable in light. At high levels of JH, larvae can still molt, but the result will only be a bigger larva, not an adult. Thus, the insect's reproductive cycle is broken.  

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

When a natural predator (living being) is applied on the other pathogenic organism to control them, this process is called as

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Biological control

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Artificial control

  4. Confusion technique

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biological control is a bioeffector-method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases) using other living organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Alletherin is a commonly used as

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Fertilizer

  2. Herbicide

  3. Growth hormone

  4. Insecticide

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides. They are synthetic pyrethroids, a synthetic form of a chemical found naturally in the Chrysanthemum flower.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Name one frequently used fungicide from the following.

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Griseofulvin

  2. Chloramphenicol

  3. Cycocel

  4. Ethylene

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Griseofulvin is an orally administered antifungal drug. It is used both in animals and humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin (commonly known as ringworm) and nails. It is produced by culture of some strains of the mold Penicillium griseofulvum, from which it was isolated in 1939.

TCDD stands for

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Trichloro-nitro-dimethane

  2. Trichloro-dinitro-diethylamide

  3. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

TCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, is a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin.

TCDD is a colourless solid with no distinguishable odour at room temperature. It is usually formed as a side product in organic synthesis and burning of organic materials. TCDD is the most potent compound (congener) of it's series and became known as a contaminant in agent orange, a herbicide used in the Vietnam war.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Bordeaux mixture was discovered by

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Paul Muller

  2. M. N. Saha

  3. C. H. Barrat

  4. P M A Millardert

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper(II) sulfate and slaked lime, used as a fungicide. It is used in vineyards, fruit-farms and gardens to prevent infestations of downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi. Bordeaux mixture was discovered by P M A Millardert.

Biological control component is central to advanced agricultural production. Which of the following is used as a third generation pesticide?

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Pathogens

  2. Pheromones

  3. Insect repellants

  4. Insect hormone analogues

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The first-generation pesticides, which were used prior to 1940, consisted of compounds such as arsenic, mercury, and lead. These were soon abandoned because they were highly toxic and ineffective. The second-generation pesticides were composed of synthetic organic compounds.

Insect hormone analogues are used as a third generation pesticide. These  are far superior to the lead arsenate and DDT that epitomize the two earlier generations. These chemicals, called as juvenile hormones, are made in two small glands in insect's heads. Juvenile hormone must be secreted at certain stages in an insect's life and not secreted at other times.
A pathogen is anything that causes a disease. 
A pheromone is a chemical an animal produces which changes the behavior of another animal of the same species (animals include insects). Some describe pheromones as behavior-altering agents. Many people do not know that pheromones trigger other behaviors in the animal of the same species, apart from sexual behavior.
Insect repellant  is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Most famous pesticide of the world is 

zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

  1. Methyl isocyanate

  2. DDT

  3. Malathion

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

DDT is one of the most famous pesticides in the world, and it has been with us for quite a long time. As a pesticide, DDT was first used during world war II. It was so effective as an insect killer that some called it as the "atomic bomb" of pesticides.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.