Tag: biology

Questions Related to biology

Stimulant present in cola, tea and cocoa is

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Cocaine

  2. Caffeine

  3. Amphetamine

  4. Tannin

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Caffeine is a stimulant of central nervous system and present in non-alcoholic beverages like tea, coffee, cola and cocoa. It is a kind of psychoactive drug. It is a bitter and white crystalline purine. It increases alertness and relieves drowsiness and fatigue. It prevents absorption of calcium in bones and hence, excess amount can lead to osteoporosis. Withdrawal of caffeine can cause headache and muscle ache.
So, the correct answer is 'Caffeine'.

Stimulant cocaine is obtained from

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Rauwolfia

  2. Erythroxylon

  3. Papaver

  4. Eucalyptus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Cocaine is a natural stimulant obtained from leaves of Erythroxylon coca plant. It is also known as coke or crack. It is a good local anaesthetic. It delays fatigue and excessive dosage can cause hallucinations. Crack is base form of cocaine. It is formed by heating cocaine with baking soda and water. The mixture is cooled to separate out solid particles called rocks. It is then smocked in this form.
So, the correct answer is 'Erythroxylon'.

Fatty liver syndrome is due to excessive intake of

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Morphine

  2. Tobacco

  3. Alcohol

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Fatty liver syndrome occurs due to excessive intake of alcohol. It is the build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue. This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis. Due to this, activities like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced in liver. The structure of liver also gets changed and blood flow is blocked.
So, the correct answer is 'Alcohol'.

Cocaine interferes with transportation of which of the following neurotransmitter?

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Serotonin

  2. Dopamine

  3. Epiniphrine

  4. Acetylchotine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Cocaine or coke or crack, is a natural stimulant. Stimulants are the drugs that stimulate nervous system and increase alertness and excitement. Excess dosage of cocaine can cause hallucinations. It interferes with the transportation of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a chemical messenger and carries signals or nerve impulses from one brain cell to other. From one neuron to other, dopamine is passed through transporter proteins. Cocaine blocks these proteins which result in high dopamine levels in the synaptic gap and this can cause damage to brain cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Dopamine'.

Alcohol affects mental and motor functions because

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. It causes degeneration of contractile fibers of muscles.

  2. It crosses blood-brain barrier.

  3. It is quickly absorbed in gut.

  4. It raises blood pressure.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Alcohol is circulated throughout the body as it enters the bloodstream. It affects the brain ability to control body behaviour and functions because it impairs the blood-brain barrier. It can cross the barrier between blood and brain and enter the blood cells from the blood circulating in brain thus, killing the brain cells.
So, the correct answer is 'It crosses blood-brain barrier'.

Cirrhosis of liver

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Shrinkage and fibrosis liver

  2. Swelling of liver

  3. Cancer of liver

  4. Accumulation of bile in liver due to obstruction

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Cirrhosis of liver is a degenerative disease of liver in which there is permanent damage to liver. It occurs due to consumption of alcohol. The liver gradually hardens and dries up. The cells are replaced by fibrous tissue and there is build-up of scar tissue in liver due to which activities in liver like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced. Cirrhosis can cause varicose veins which can rupture and this may lead to internal bleeding. 
So, the correct answer is 'Shrinkage and fibrosis liver'.

Which of the following statements is false?

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Psychoactive drugs alter activity of nervous system.

  2. Adolescence is marked by accelerated physical growth, development of reproductive organs and changes in functioning of neuroendrocrine system.

  3. Hallucinogen can alter one's thoughts, feelings and perceptions.

  4. Mescaline is a stimulant.

  5. Depression is a mood disorder characterised by hoplessness, sadness, decline in interest, energy, concentration, and changes in sleep pattern and appetite.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Psychoactive drugs act on nervous system and change mood, behaviour and thoughts.
B. Adolescence is the preparatory phase for adult life. Many physical and psychological changes occur in body in adolescence period like accelerated physical growth, development of reproductive organs and changes in functioning of neuroendocrine system.
C. Hallucinogens affect moods, thoughts, perceptions and behaviour. They produce a dream like state.
D. Mescaline is a psychedelic drug. It cause hallucinations.
E. Depression is a mood disorder, a mental illness in which person feels hopeless, sad, stressed and lose his interest in all activities. His energy and concentration gets affected and sleep pattern and appetite becomes irregular.
Hence, statement D is false.
So, the correct answer is 'Mescaline is a stimulant'.

Drug that increases cardiovascular effects is

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Cocaine

  2. Benzodiazepine

  3. Barbiturate

  4. Insulin

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Cocaine is a natural stimulant which delays fatigue but excess dosage can cause hallucinogens. It is smoked, snorted or injected. It has serious impacts on heart i.e. cardiovascular system. It can increase heart beat and blood pressure. It decreases the blood flow in coronary artery. It can also cause hypertension and other cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, atherosclerosis and myocardial ischaemia.
So, the correct answer is 'Cocaine'.

Korsakoff's syndrome is related to

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Alcohol abuse

  2. Drug abuse

  3. Smoking abuse

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Korsakoff's syndrome is a disorder related to memory and occurs due to deficiency of vitamin B6 or thiamine. Deficiency of thiamine occurs due to alcohol. People affected with this disorder have problems in learning. They don't remember the past experiences even of last few minutes. They even fail to recall with whom they had a conservation few minutes back. Long term memory gaps are seen in such persons.
So, the correct answer is 'Alcohol abuse'.

Excessive consumption of alcohol results in

innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

  1. Fatty liver syndrome

  2. Fixity of facial expression

  3. Twitching of face

  4. Atrophy of cerebral cortex

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to fatty liver syndrome in which there is build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue. This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis. Due to this, activities like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced in liver. The structure of liver also gets changed and blood flow is blocked.
So, the correct answer is 'Fatty liver syndrome'.