Tag: security

To solve this question, the user needs to understand different security strategies and their definitions.

The option that describes the security strategy where multiple layers of security controls are used to mitigate the risk of one security control being compromised is:

C. Defense-in-depth

Explanation:

Defense-in-depth is a security strategy that involves layering multiple security controls to protect assets. In this strategy, if an attacker manages to breach one security control, there are other layers of security controls to prevent further access. This approach helps to mitigate the risk of any single security control being compromised. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Options A, B, and D are incorrect because:

A. Secure-by-default is a security strategy that involves setting secure defaults to minimize the attack surface. This strategy aims to make the system secure by default without requiring any additional configuration.

B. Secure-by-design is a security strategy that involves designing systems with security in mind from the beginning. This approach aims to make the system inherently secure through design choices such as minimizing attack surfaces and implementing secure coding practices.

D. Defense-by-design is not a recognized security strategy.

To answer this question, the user needs to understand the concept of hash functions and their purpose in cryptography.

Option A is incorrect because hash functions are not used for encryption; rather, they are used for creating fixed-size and unique representations of input data.

Option B is correct. A hash function takes an input (usually a string of characters) and produces a fixed-size output, called a message digest or hash value. This value is typically much smaller than the input, making it easier to store and compare. Hash functions are used for a variety of purposes, including data integrity checking, password storage, and digital signatures.

Option C is incorrect because hash functions are one-way functions, meaning that they cannot be easily reversed. They are not used for decryption.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: B. A function that transforms a string of characters into a number known as the message digest.

To solve this question, the user needs to have knowledge of different HTTP authentication mechanisms and their characteristics.

Now, let's go through each option and explain why it is right or wrong:

A. Client Certificates: This option is incorrect because client certificates are used to authenticate the client to the server and are typically encrypted, not sent in clear text.

B. Basic: This option is correct. Basic authentication is one of the simplest authentication schemes and sends login and password credentials in clear text. This means that if someone intercepts the traffic, they can read the credentials and potentially use them to gain unauthorized access to the system.

C. Digest: This option is incorrect because Digest authentication uses a challenge-response mechanism to authenticate the user and does not send the credentials in clear text.

D. NTLM: This option is incorrect because NTLM authentication uses a challenge-response mechanism and does not send the credentials in clear text.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: B