Tag: zoology

The CNS contains the brain and the spinal cord. Everything else but the CNS it is known as the PNS. The PNS contains nerves, which leave the brain and the spinal cord and travel to all the parts of the body.

$4$ pairs of cranial nerves are mixed nerves. These are trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

• The cerebral cortex of the brain has three regions of function, namely Sensory, motor and association areas. 
• This association area does not belong either of the primary sensory or motor regions since its function is associative.
• The main function of these association regions is to provide a perpetual understanding of the world. it helps in effective interaction, abstract thinking, and language. 
• These association regions are present in the form of an interwoven network.

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail as sight, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions. In cerebrum, the visual centres are located on the occipital lobe.

So, the correct option is 'Occipetal lobe'.

The body's communication systems are the endocrine and nervous systems. At an integrative level, the primary function of the nervous system is to control many of the functions of our bodies and minds. It does this by extracting information from the environment using sensory receptors, sending signals that encode this information into the central nervous system, processing the information to determine an appropriate response, and sending output signals to muscles or glands to initiate the response. The nervous system responds rapidly to short-term changes. By nature, these hormones are synthesized at a distance from their target cells and travel through the bloodstream or intercellular fluid until they reach these cells. Upon reaching their target cell, the hormone acts on the cell to increase or decrease the expression of specific genes. This process takes significantly longer than that of the nervous system, as endocrine hormones must first be synthesized, transported to their target cell, and enter or signal the cell. Then, the target cell must go through the process of transcription, translation, and protein synthesis before the intended action of the hormone can be seen . 

Our nervous system is made up of brain, spinal cord, sense receptors and a whole lot of nerves. But all these are ultimately made up of nerve cells or neurons.

Kidney stones or renal calculi are solid masses made of crystals. Calcium stones are the most common. They can be made of calcium oxalate
So, the correct answer is 'Calcium oxalate'

Accumulation of urea in body is called uraemia. It may be due to kidney failure and other metabolic waste products may also accumulate. Uraemia develops after about 7 days of anuria (absence of urine) because of the reduced glomerular filtration rate and impaired tubular secretion of urea. Increased blood urea usually leads to confusion and mental disorientation.

Oliguria is the condition of less than 400 ml of urine per day in adults, whereas severe oliguria means less than 100 ml of urine per day in adults. Anuria means absence of urine and diuresis is the production of a large volume of urine. Diuresis may lead to acute dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.