Tag: zoology

Phenylketonuria results when there is a deficiency of liver enzyme phenyl alanine hydroxylase that converts phenyl alanine into tyrosine. It results with a high level of phenyl alanine in blood, tissue fluids and urine.

Normal stools can vary in shades of brown, mostly due to diet.
Bile salts are released into the stools by the liver, giving the stools a brown color. If the liver is not producing enough bile, or if the flow of the bile is blocked and not draining from the liver, the stools will be pale or clay-colored.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

• Dialysis is an artificial procedure of excretion of metabolites from the blood when kidneys do not work. 
• In this process, the harmful waste products are removed from the blood. The dialysis apparatus of the dialyzer is commonly known as an artificial kidney.
• The process of dialysis is generally recommended for the person who has been suffering problems related to the kidney and the kidney is not functioning properly.

Diuresis as a pathological condition occurs  under hyposecretion of ADH or Vasopressin, which affects the water rreabsorption by the tubule into the blood by the peritubular network.This results in excretion of dilute urine. A disorder known as diabetes insipidus.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is also called vasopressin. ADH is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland. This is a small gland just below the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.  Nephrogenic means related to the kidney.

Increase in frequency of urination is called as Polyurea. The most common cause of polyurea in children and adult is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.it may also occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infractions, hypopituitarism, Hyperglycemia etc.

Ketonuria is the Presence of the high number of ketone bodies in urine. It may occur due to diabetes, starvation, fasting or glycogen storage disease. Ketone bodies(acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate) are water-soluble molecules containing keto group these are not carbohydrates like Ketone sugar (fructose).

Haematuria is the presence of blood cells in the urine. It may occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones etc. Both RBC(Red blood cells) and WBC (White blood cells) are blood cells. Hence haematuria is the presence of both RBC, WBC in urine.

Haematuria is the presence of blood cells in the urine. It may occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones etc. Hence haematuria is the disorder involving the loss of blood through the urine.