Tag: chemistry in everyday life

Questions Related to chemistry in everyday life

Which of the following is used in the manufacture of gun powder?

chemistry chemistry in everyday life common salt some useful compounds in everyday life salts and their properties

  1. Chile saltpetre

  2. Nitre

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chile saltpetre(Sodium nitrate), is a deliquescent crystalline sodium salt. Nitre is potassium nitrate. They are used in the manufacture of gun powder, nitric acid etc. It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter).

Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making:
(i) washing soda
(ii) bleaching powder
(iii) baking soda
(iv) slaked lime

chemistry chemistry in everyday life common salt some useful compounds in everyday life salts and their properties

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (i), (iii) and (iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A. Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate which is prepared by Solvay process which is the reaction of sodium chloride,ammonia and carbon dioxide in water. The calcium carbonate is used in the reaction to get carbon dioxide gas.
${ CaCO } _{ 3 }\rightarrow CaO+{ CO } _{ 2 }\ { 2NH } _{ 3 }+{ CO } _{ 2 }+{ H } _{ 2 }O\rightarrow \left( { NH } _{ 4 } \right) _{ 2 }{ CO } _{ 3 }+{ CO } _{ 2 }+{ H } _{ 2 }O\rightarrow { NH } _{ 4 }{ HCO } _{ 3 }\ { NH } _{ 4 }{ HCO } _{ 3 }+NaCl\rightarrow { NaHCO } _{ 3 }+{ NH } _{ 4 }Cl$
B. Washing soda is sodium carbonate which is prepared from the sodium chloride.
$2NaCl+{ CaCO } _{ 3 }\rightarrow { Na } _{ 2 }{ CO } _{ 3 }+Ca{ Cl } _{ 2 }$

 Column A  Column B
 A. Bleaching powder  i. Preparation of glass
 B. Baking soda  ii. Production of $H _2$ and $Cl _2$
 C. Washing soda  iii. Decolourisation
 D. Sodium chloride  iv. Antacid

Match the chemical substances given in Column (A) with their appropriate application given in Column (B).

chemistry chemistry in everyday life common salt some useful compounds in everyday life salts and their properties

  1. A(ii), B(i), C(iv), D(iii)

  2. A(iii), B(ii), C(iv), D(i)

  3. A(iii), B(iv), C(i), D(ii)

  4. A(ii), B(iv), C(i), D(iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A. Bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite
${ 2CaOCl } _{ 2 }+{ H } _{ 2 }{ SO } _{ 4 }\rightarrow { CaCl } _{ 2 }+{ CaSO } _{ 4 }+2HClO\ HClO\rightarrow HCl+\left[ O \right] \xrightarrow { Coloured\quad matter } Colourless\quad product$
B. Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate which is basic in nature and used as an antacid.
${ NaHCO } _{ 3 }$
C. Sodium carbonate which has a common name washing soda, a monohydrate which is used in the preparation of glass. It is used to flux silica by lowering down the temperature.
Two forms of sodium carbonate are used i.e heavy and light. The light form is obtained first and is converted to heavy form. The heavy form is is used as a solid in making glass where it is used as flux in the melting of silica.${ Na } _{ 2 }{ CO } _{ 3 }\cdot { H } _{ 2 }O$
D. The electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride gives hydrogen at the cathode and chlorine at the anode. This solution is called as the brine solution. It helps in the evolution of hydrogen gas and chloride gas.

State True or False.
Decomposition of calcium phosphate present in bone ash with concentrated sulphuric acid produces phosphoric acid.
chemistry chemistry in everyday life common salt some useful compounds in everyday life salts and their properties

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bone ash is Tricalcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite ${ Ca } _{ 5 }\left( OH \right) { \left( P{ O } _{ 4 } \right)  } _{ 3 }$. Phosphoric acid is obtained from hydroxyapatite when treated with sulphuric acid.
$2{ Ca } _{ 5 }{ \left( P{ O } _{ 4 } \right)  } _{ 3 }OH+10{ H } _{ 2 }S{ O } _{ 4 }+18{ H } _{ 2 }O\longrightarrow 6{ H } _{ 3 }P{ O } _{ 4 }+10CaS{ O } _{ 4 }.2{ H } _{ 2 }O$

Match the compounds /metal in $(X)$ with their uses in $(Y)$.

$X$ $Y$
$A.$ Liquid sodium metal $I.$ Breathing apparatus in submarine
$B.$ Potassium stearate $II.$ Explosive
$C.$ Potassium nitrate $III.$ Coolant in nuclear reaction
$D.$ Potassium superoxide $IV.$ Soft soap
chemistry chemistry in everyday life common salt some useful compounds in everyday life salts and their properties

  1. $A-I\, \quad\, B-III\, \quad\, C- II\, \quad\, D- IV$

  2. $A-III\, \quad\,B-  IV\, \quad\,C-  II\, \quad\, D- I$

  3. $A- II\, \quad\,B- I\, \quad\, C- III\, \quad\, D- IV$

  4. $A- IV\, \quad\, B- II\, \quad\, C- III\, \quad\,D-  I$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

1. Liquid sodium metal is used as coolant in nuclear reaction
2. Potassium stearate is used in soft soap
3. Potassium nitrate is explosive
4. Potassium superoxide, which gives off oxygen as it absorbs carbon dioxide is used in Breathing apparatus in submarine

Which of the following is scientific explanation of depression?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. An increased level of sugar in the blood leads to depression.

  2. Low levels of noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter in the blood lead to depression.

  3. Release of extra gastric juice in the stomach lead to depression.

  4. Sleep incducing drugs lead to depression.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood swings. Low levels of noradrenaline lower the signal-sending activity and make the person suffers from depression. 

Drugs which bind strongly to the active site of an enzyme and do not depend upon the concentration of natural substrate are called as:

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. competitive inhibitors

  2. non-competitive inhibitors

  3. $\beta$-blockers

  4. $\alpha$-blockers

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Competitive inhibitors are the interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding.

These drugs bind to active sites and do not depend on the concentration of natural substrate.

Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

  2. Prevent the binding of substrate.

  3. Generally a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzymes.

  4. Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Generally a weak bond such as H-bonding, van der Waals interaction etc. is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.

Noradrenaline is one of the example of :

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. anti-depressant

  2. anti-Histamine

  3. neurotransmitter

  4. antacid

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Solution:- (C) Neutrotransmitter

Noradrenaline is one of the example of Neurotransmitter

What is the source of receptor proteins?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Interior of a cell

  2. Cell wall

  3. Out of cell wall

  4. Fixed in the cell membrane partially inside and partially projected outward

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The source of receptor proteins is fixed in the cell wall, partly inside and partly projected out of the cell wall.
This is so that chemical messengers can interact with the outside portion of receptor protein, which transfers the signal to interior of cell via the receptor protein.
Hence, signal is transferred from outside the cell to inside without the messenger having to cross the cell membrane.