Tag: chemistry in everyday life

Questions Related to chemistry in everyday life

Drugs which supplement (or) substitute for chemical messengers are :

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  1. antagonists

  2. agonists

  3. blocking chemicals

  4. all

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An agonist is a chemical that binds to some receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell. Agonists often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance. Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. So agonist drugs copy the action of the chemical messengers thereby substituting them.

Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

  2. Prevent the binding of substrate.

  3. Generally, a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.

  4. Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Enzyme inhibitors bind reversibly and irreversibly.
They bind reversibly with non-covalent bond, whereas, they bind irreversibly with covalent bond where they change the key amino acid residues needed for enzymatic activity.
Hence, option C is correct.

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

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  1. which binds to the cell wall

  2. where drugs bind to an enzyme

  3. which is not the active site, where some drugs bind to an enzyme

  4. none of these

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 The allosteric site is the site, which is not the active site, where some drugs bind to an enzyme. Due to this, the shape of the enzyme changes, it becomes difficult for the substrate to recognize the active site of the enzyme. This represents non-competitive inhibition.

Assertion: There is a scientific explanation for the feeling of depression.

Reason:  In people who are depressed, the mood-regulating neurotransmitters fail to function normally, so that the signal is either depleted or disrupted before passing to the next nerve cell. In all depressions, it is likely that the transmission of serotonin is reduced or disrupted.

Choose the correct options.
drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct

  2. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is incorrect but reason is correct

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals from one part of the brain to the next. There are many neurotransmitters, serving different purposes, however, three important ones that affect a person's mood are serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. 


In normal brain function, neurotransmitters jump from one nerve cell to the next, with the signal being as strong in the second and subsequent cells as it was in the first. However, in people who are depressed, the mood-regulating neurotransmitters fail to function normally, so that the signal is either depleted or disrupted before passing to the next nerve cell. 

In all depressions, it is likely that the transmission of serotonin is reduced or disrupted.

Hence, option A is correct.

The bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor:

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. can be broken easily

  2. cannot be broken easily

  3. is a weak bond

  4. none of the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
If the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond, it cannot be broken easily. Then the enzyme is blocked permanently and the body degrades the enzyme-inhibitor complex and synthesizes the new enzyme.

Antagonistic drug displaces an agonist at that receptor it seemingly deactivates it thereby reversing the effect of the agonist.

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  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: A

Assertion : Receptors are crucial to body's communication process
Reason : Receptors are proteins

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is NOT the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (B) is correct. 
Receptors are proteins that are crucial to body's communication process. They receives and responds to a neurotransmitter, or other substance. Majority of them are embedded in the cell membrane, in such a way their small part possessing active site projects out of the surface of the membrane and opens on the outer region of the cell membrane.

Assertion :

Chemical messenger gives a message to the cell without entering the cell

Reason : 
Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer required

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins and gives the message to the cell without entering the cell. To accommodate the messenger, the shape of receptor changes. In the body,message between two neurons and that between neurons and muscles is communicated through certain chemicals called as chemical messengers.


Thus, Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

Assertion : Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other
Reason : Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits is natural function

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer required

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

D. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Inhibitor binds to the receptor site and inhibits is natural function. Chemical messengers bind to the receptor site and convey the information to the interior of the cell. 

What are the substances which mimic the natural chemical messengers?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antagonist

  3. Agonists

  4. Recepter

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Agonists are the chemicals that bind to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the against and an inverse against causes an action opposite to that of the against Therefore it is a substance which mimics the natural chemical messengers.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{C}$