Tag: chemistry in everyday life

Questions Related to chemistry in everyday life

Agonists can:

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. inhibit function of receptors

  2. mimic natural chemical messengers

  3. help transfer of message to receptors

  4. inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme

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Correct Option: B,C
Explanation:

Agonist: A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action. Agonist is the opposite of antagonist. Antagonists and agonists are key players in the chemistry of the human body and in pharmacology.

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response. Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.
Receptors can be activated by either endogenous (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous (such as drugs) agonists, resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonist is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.

Drugs that bind to the receptor sites and inhibit its natural function are called analgesics.

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called Antagonists. These are useful when blocking of message is required. So, the statement is false.

Which of the following increases blood pressure and heart beat?

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Noradrenaline

  2. Dopamine

  3. Serotonin

  4. Adrenaline

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Correct Option: A,D
Explanation:

Noradrenaline interacts with beta receptors found on pacemaker cells in the heart. It stimulates the pacemaker cells, thereby increasing the rate at which they generate electrical charges. Each charge released from pacemaker cells cause the heart to contract. Noradrenaline increases heart rate initially but this effect is minimized by its effect on blood vessel.
Also, a rise in adrenaline increases heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, artery wall inflammation and blood clotting.

Assertion : Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction
Reason : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is NOT the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer reqiured

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (B) is correct.
$A$ :  Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction. The substrate is held at the active site in a suitable and right position, for effective attack of reagent. This can be explained by lock and key model. The forces between the active site and substrate can be covalent bond, hydrogen bond, van der waal's forces etc.
$R$ : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme. Many drugs acts as enzyme inhibitors. Inhibition by particular chemicals can be a source of insight into the mechanism of enzyme action: specific inhibitors can often be used to identify residues critical for catalysis.

Assertion : Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.
Reason : Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct. 

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the incorrect explanation for Assertion.

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

  5. non of these

  6. A and B

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option (D) is correct. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.Chemical messages are transmitted to specific receptors through the extracellular fluids or across the synaptic gap.
These chemical messengers interact with receptors without entering the cell and change the shape of receptor and deliver the message.

The principal products obtained on heating iodine with concentrated caustic soda solution is:

chemistry chemistry in everyday life metal oxides and non metal oxides reactions of acids and bases properties of acids and bases

  1. $NaIO\, +\, NaI$

  2. $NaIO\, +\, NaIO _3$

  3. $NaIO _3\, +\, NaI +\ H _2O$

  4. $NaIO _4\, +\, NaI$

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

On adding iodine to caustic soda(alkali), hypoiodites are formed and the peculiar smell is of iodoform and pale yellow in color.

$6NaOH + 3I _2 \longrightarrow NaIO _3 +5NaI +3H _2O$

Metallic oxides react with ............ to give salts and water, similar to the reaction of a/an ........... with an acid, metallic oxides are said to be basic oxides.

chemistry chemistry in everyday life metal oxides and non metal oxides reactions of acids and bases properties of acids and bases

  1. bases, base

  2. acids, base

  3. acids, acid

  4. bases, acids

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Metallic oxides react with acids to give salts and water, similar to the reaction of a base with an acid, metallic oxides are said to be basic oxides.

Choose the correct answer from the given option.
$Metal\ oxide + Acid \rightarrow $

chemistry chemistry in everyday life metal oxides and non metal oxides reactions of acids and bases properties of acids and bases

  1. $Salt + Water$

  2. $Sweet + Water$

  3. $Light + Water$

  4. $Gas + Water$

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The general reaction between a metal oxide and an acid can be written as : 

$Metal\ oxide + Acid \rightarrow Salt + Water$

'The blue-green colour of the solution is due to the formation of copper(II) chloride in the reaction' is an example of which kind of chemical reaction?

chemistry chemistry in everyday life metal oxides and non metal oxides reactions of acids and bases properties of acids and bases

  1. Reaction of metallic oxides with acids

  2. Reaction of non-metallic oxides with acids

  3. Reaction of metallic oxides with bases

  4. Reaction of non-metallic oxides with base

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Metal oxides always reacts with acid to form salt and water. Copper oxide when reacts with $HCl$ it forms blue-green copper(II) chloride. 

$2CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow 2CuCl _2 + H _2O$

The __________ oxides can be neutralized with a base to form a salt and water.

chemistry chemistry in everyday life metal oxides and non metal oxides reactions of acids and bases properties of acids and bases

  1. metal

  2. non-metal

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The non-metal oxides can be neutralized with a base to form a salt and water.