Tag: commercial applications

Two major types of biofuels are bioethanol and biodiesel. The former is produced from crops like maize, sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, sugar beet, potato, and the latter from oil-seeds like rapeseed, soybean, palm and  Jatropha curcas. Among the biodiesel-yielding plants,  Jatropha curcas  has attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of the positive energy balance of its oil and its ability to grow in a annual rainfall ranging from 250-3000 mm.

The government of India has mandated blending of 5% of ethanol in petrol in order to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and also to reduce the import burden on account of crude petroleum from which petrol is produced. The practice of blending ethanol in petrol started in 2001 and as ethanol is a by-product of sugar industry and is expected to be procured at low rates. further, it reduces the petroleum use in transportation and greenhouse gas emissions.

Dalbergia latifolia is an economically important timber species native to low elevation tropical monsoon forests of eastern India. Some common names in English are blackwood, bombay blackwood. Wood from Dalbergia latifolia tree is used in premium furniture making and cabinetry, as veneer, as plywood, for outdoor furniture.

Dalbergia sissoo is a highly valued hardwood timber species, providing an additional income source in agroforestry systems, mostly in India and Pakistan. The establishment of D. sissoo plantations for wood production can be an attractive proposition in economic terms. Most plantations are managed primarily for timber, with fuelwood as a secondary product. For fuelwood production in short rotations, several other species may give higher financial returns.

Jatropha is a member of the euphorbia family. One of its great selling points as a biofuel is the fact that growing it need not compete with the cultivation of food. The selling point as a bioenergy crop is that it grows in marginal, eroded land, and is resistant to drought. 

• Bryophytes are group of non vascular land plants including hornworts, liverworts and mosses. Peat is a fuel which is produced from dried bryophytes, typically sphagnum. Enormous deposits of peat is accumulated which is later converted into coal.
  
• Hence coal has been mainly formed by bryophytes.
• So,the correct answer is 'Bryophytes'.

Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. As a fuel it may include wood, straw, manure, sugarcane, and many other byproducts from a variety of agricultural processes.