Tag: coordination in human beings- chemical control

Questions Related to coordination in human beings- chemical control

Integrative system in the body are

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Endocrine system

  2. Nervous system

  3. Blood vascular system

  4. Both endocrine and nervous system

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Both endocrine and nervous system are the integrative system in the body. 
The nervous system has three overlapping functions. These functions are based on the sensory input, integration and motor output. The nervous system is a highly integrated system, the control center of which is the brain.
Endocrine system has organs such as Thyroid, Pituitary glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions. Hence, option D is correct. 

Diosgenin is

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Saccharide

  2. Steroid

  3. Amino acids

  4. Peptide

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Diosgenin, a plant steroid sapogenin. Diosgenin is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins which are extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam. Diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products. 

So, the correct answer is 'Steroid'.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given:

List-I List-II
A. Islets of Langerhans 1. Calcitonin
B. Pituitary gland 2. Epinephrine
C. Thyroid gland 3. Growth hormone
D. Adrenal gland 4. Insulin
biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

  2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

  3. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
 A. Islets of Langerhans Islets of Langerhans are irregularly shaped patches of endocrine tissue located within the pancreas of most vertebrates. The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three (alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones; the fourth component (C cells) has no known function. The most common islet cell, the beta cell, produces insulin, the major hormone in the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Insulin is crucial in several metabolic processes: it promotes the uptake and metabolism of glucose by the body’s cells; it prevents release of glucose by the liver; it causes muscle cells to take up amino acids, the basic components of protein; and it inhibits the breakdown and release of fats. So the correct option is 'insulin'.
 B. Pituitary gland   The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help in controlling growth, blood pressure, energy management, all functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief.So the correct option is 'growth hormone'.
 C. Thyroid gland  Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced in humans by the parafollicular cells (commonly known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone. This means that it acts to reduce calcium levels in the blood. However, the importance of this role in humans is unclear, as patients who have very low or very high levels of calcitonin show no adverse effects. So the correct option is 'calcitonin'.
 D. Adrenal gland  Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a medication and hormone. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some one celled organisms. So the correct option is 'epinephrine'.

Which among the following is incorrect about the endocrine system?

biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. It relies on chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

  2. It is a control system that has extremely rapid effects on the body.

  3. The hormones affect only certain "target" organs.

  4. It is involved in maintaining body homeostasis.

  5. Its organs secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, rather than through ducts

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The endocrine system includes ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the blood. This makes option E correct about the system. Second messengers are the low molecular weight molecules that serve to transmit and amplify the signal of hormones, the first messenger, to initiate the downstream enzyme cascade inside the cell. Second messenger pathway is activated by binding of hormones to the receptor molecules present on the surface of target cells only. 

Hormones secreted by various endocrine glands maintain the normal functioning of target tissues/organs and thereby help to maintain homeostasis. 
Endocrine system effects are slow but long term. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Which one of the following is a non-steroidal hormone?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Estradiol

  2. Prostaglandin

  3. Estrone

  4. Progesterone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Prostaglandin is a non-steroidal hormone while estradiol, estrone, and progestrone are all steroidal hormones

Mark the wrong statement about enzymes

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. enzymes are biological catalysts

  2. each enzyme can catalyse a number of similar reactions

  3. enzymes are very efficient catalysts

  4. enzymes are needed only in very small amounts for their action

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Option (B) is incorrect. Enzymes are efficient and biological catalysts which are needed only in very small amounts for their action but each enzyme can catalyse only a specific selective reactions. This is often referred to as "the lock and key" model.

The chemical messengers produced in ductless glands are:

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. vitamins

  2. lipids

  3. antibiotics

  4. hormones

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The chemical messengers produced in ductless glands are called hormones. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system (composed of glands) but are transported to different parts of the body through the bloodstream.


 Endocrine glands have a rich blood supply through which hormones travel to reach their target organs. Hormones alter the metabolism of target organs by increasing or decreasing their activity.

Hence, the option $D$ is correct.

Which of the following substance acts as stimulator?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. vitamins

  2. enzymes

  3. hormones

  4. carbohydrates

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hormones acts as stimulator. Hormones are essential for every activity of life, including the processes of digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood control. Many hormones, such as neurotransmitters, are active in more than one physical process. To release active hormones quickly into the irulation, hormone biosynthetic cells may produce and store biologically inactive hormones in the form of pre- or prohormones. These can then be quickly converted into their active hormone form in response to a particular stimulus.

The term hormone was first introduced by

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Gobind khorana

  2. Baylers and Starling

  3. James waston

  4. Giulio natta

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The term hormone was first introduced by Baylers and Starling. Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including growth and development, metabolism - how your body gets energy from the foods you eat, sexual function, reproduction, mood.

For artificial ripening of fruit, which of the following is used?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Testosterone

  2. Insulin

  3. Ethylene

  4. Estrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ethylene gas is used for artificial ripening of fruits. Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone, used to induce ripening process under controlled conditions of temperature. Ethylene treatment breaks down the green chlorophyll pigment in the exterior part of the peel and allows the yellow or orange carotenoid pigments to be expressed.